Sunday, May 17, 2020

Transformational Leadership Style For Producing Positive...

Transformational leadership is an effective leadership style for producing positive changes and strengthening organizations. These leaders are passionate, energetic, and focused on helping every member of the group succeed. The four dimensions of transformational leadership garner trust, respect, and admiration from followers in the organization. Organizational commitment results from employees being satisfied and devoted to the vision of the company. Another important trait of a transformational leader is emotional intelligence. It is necessary in relationship building and managing emotions in situations. Recognizing the limitations of transformational leadership and understanding the assets of various leadership styles will help a leader determine which style is most suitable for the occasion. Dimensions of Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders work to develop their followers’ full potentials, higher needs, value systems, motivation and moralities (Ismail, Mohamed, Sulaiman, Mohamed Yusuf, 2011). Investing in the development and beliefs of the employees furthers unity in goals and beliefs. It helps them look past self-interests for the sake of their team and the larger organization. This contemporary leadership style drives motivation. Researcher Bernard M. Bass identified four components of transformational leadership: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. He suggested theseShow MoreRelatedWhat I Have Learned of Leadership1198 Words   |  5 PagesIt is hard to quantify what I have learned in the semester of Leadership because the courses focus was not about memorizing data, but rather learning about having the will to lead and finding the courage to make it happen. A majority of the information I learned from this course came from learning about myself. Through readings, course activities, and various projects, I learned what makes a great leader, but more importantly what traits I possess that will make me a great leader. In order to beRead MoreThe Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Style That Differentiate Effective Leaders9113 Words   |  37 PagesThe purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the degree and extent of a relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style that differentiate effective leaders. A brief review of the literature was conducted using the following resources, Northcentral University Library (NCU Roadrunner), Google Scholar, Galileo, and ProQuest. Several searches included peer-reviewed publications and academic journals such as the International Journal of Business Management, JournalRead MoreEssay on Financial Report2438 Words   |  10 PagesLEADERSHIP ORGANISATIONS COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT TUTORIAL Leadership Organisations 6BUS1001 – 0901 Semester A (2012-13) Case Study: ‘Virgin Atlantic and Ryanair’ Question: Using relevant leadership, management and motivation theory, compare and contrast the leadership styles of Richard Branson and Michael O’Leary. Critically discuss the state of affairs in the two organisations that are created or impacted by their leadership styles and behavior. Word Count: 1700 YourRead MoreParticipative Leadership And Empowering Teams2034 Words   |  9 PagesEmpowering teams through participative leadership leads to increased team morale, acceptance, creativity, and retention. Studies have been conducted about including teams in organizational decisions and the effects on team performance. An overview of some of the various styles of leadership and the behaviors associated with them will be provided in this paper. However the focus will be on participative leadership and empowering teams. There is an entire business built upon providing executive coachingRead MoreA Review of Leadership Theories and Possible Changes to Police Leadership10285 Words   |  42 PagesLeadership Theories and Change Running Head: Leadership Theories and Change A Review of Leadership Theories and Possible Changes to Police Leadership Randy L. Conyers University of Central Florida 1 Leadership Theories and Change 2 Abstract Throughout the history of law enforcement, leaders have used many different styles to lead employees. From the early styles of Autocratic and Laissez-Faire to Participative (democratic), Transactional and Transformational leadership. Leadership within policingRead MoreManaging Organizations and Leading People Company and Leadership Profile and SWAT analysis5497 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Task 1: Organization and Leadership Analysis Table of Contents Organization Overview 4 Organization Description 4 The Company Mission 4 The Organization – SEAD 4 The CEO – Jon Shreve 5 Leadership Practices 6 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 7 SWOT Analysis 9 Organizational Strengths 9 Technical Skills 9 Strategic Thinking 10 Organizational Weaknesses 11 Under-developed Leadership 11 Failing to deliver quality results 11 Organizational Opportunities 12 Political ForcesRead MoreCase Analysis : Outback Steakhouse2598 Words   |  11 Pagescompany has done in terms of the leadership process (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). Then after we see how they have handled this process, we will be able to accurately process my views on the issues that may be present or exist in the near future for the company. To get a proper look at each step of the management process, we will look at three examples of each of the four steps in the management process to better understand where the company’s leadership decisions are taking them inRead MoreLeadership and People9624 Words   |  39 PagesPromoting Servant Leadership in the Youth Defining Leading and Leadership Leading is defined as: 1. Influencing others to take action toward specific goal. 2. Guiding and directing on a course, and as serving as a channel. A leader is someone who has commanding influence. Leadership is defined as: 1. It is the process of influencing and directing activities of members toward goal accomplishment. 2. It is about ordinary people who care. People who care enough to get extra ordinaryRead MoreDavid Jones Essay7406 Words   |  30 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Strategic analysis 3 2.1 External Analysis 3 2.1.2 The General Environment 3 2.1.4 Organizations’ competitive position 7 2.1.5 Conclusion from external analysis. 7 2.2 Internal analysis 7 2.2.1 Competitive strengths 7 2.2.2 Strategic Competitive Advantage 7 2.2.3 Conclusion internal analysis 7 2.3 Conclusion on strategic analysis 8 3.0 Strategic direction and strategic objectives 8 3.1 David Jones vision 8 3.2 David Jones missionRead MoreCase Study16130 Words   |  65 PagesMaking Sense of Change Management, 2nd edition Case studies – text and questions Contents Case study 1: Aster Group 3 Case study text: Aster Group 3 Introduction 3 History, culture, orientation 4 Drivers for change 6 Leadership 8 No shotgun wedding 9 The transition period – one year on 11 Project management 12 Organizational development 13 Developing management and leadership capacity and capability 14 Case study questions: Aster Group 17

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Womens Glass Ceiling Essay - 1703 Words

Women are ready and able to occupy top executive positions. This was the case in the inspiring story of Gert Boyle. When her husband died of a heart attack, he left her with a debt-ridden company and no knowledge on how to run it. In spite of that, thirty two years later, she has turned Columbia Sportswear Inc. into a successful outerwear company, competing with North Face and REI. She had to make difficult decisions along the way, including once she had to fire 55 employees as a strategy due to low margin profits. Nevertheless, Mrs. refocused on new ways to push the company forward by listening to her customers’ requests. Since 1984, sales have grown from $3 million to over $700 million (Ivanevich, 2002). Today more women are†¦show more content†¦Almost half, 46.3 percent of the companies have no female directors, and 30 percent have no female directors. Despite increasing number of women in corporate America, women are undeniably underrepresented in most powerfu l executive positions (Gile-Olivarez, 2009). Few lines about the work of author Hilary Cosell (1985) who wrote the next few words, in her Book titled Woman on a Seesaw: â€Å"I think we’re being terribly misled about how much success woman as a group have achieved and about how real that success actually is. I think there may bitter day of reckoning for many of us that’s not too far off. A day where women will say: I gave up my personal life, I destroyed my marriage, I did not have children, I gave up this and gave up that and what was it for? I still have not been able to achieve the way men do, in the same arena they do, the way I was told I could. Let’s face it: women are no longer disenfranchised, but we do not have anything like the power of the white male corporate establishment. I do not know if we will ever acquire that kind of power but if we do, it is not going to be anytime in the near future† (Morrison, 1992). The words of Hilary Cosell are indeed discouraging but she seems to hit â€Å"right on† some of the issues that women experience while placing themselves last. Subsequently, finding they are giving up, and /or balancing family and career. Clearly, Mrs. Cosell struggled with the jobShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Ceiling Effect: Women’s Career Advancement in Puerto Rico4525 Words   |  19 PagesThe Glass Ceiling Effect: Women’s Career Advancement in Puerto Rico à ngela Ramos Pà ©rez May 7, 2008 2 Index Chapter One .....................................................................................................................................3 Introduction..................................................................................................................................3 Purpose for the Study.......................................................................Read MoreWomen’s Income Inequality and The American Dream Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesunder what is known as the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Women do not get promoted in the work place and aren’t getting equal pay as men. This also leads to wag gap between the men and women. Both create income inequality for women and affect their American Dream. There is a long history of women having to deal with the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Over time woman have made progress but more progress is needed to make things equal. Women suffer from income inequality because of the â€Å"Glass Ce iling† and wag gap, thus going againstRead MoreThe Process to Ensuring Equality between Men and Women1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthat there is a glass ceiling preventing women from career advancement. This is because in our present day world, women are been stereotyped as not been capable to take high level position (professors, managers, Engineers). Therefore, this paper will explore the workplace barriers that women face in areas such as pay gap and promotion particularly in higher education. Brief Overview of Glass Ceiling The concept of the ‘Glass ceiling’ was enacted into the US system in 1979. Glass ceiling is a term thatRead MoreThe Structural Inequality Between Men And Women875 Words   |  4 Pagesdisregarded and/or considered unimportant in the workforce. Women’s values or morals are undervalued and disregarded due to the structural inequality that over the years, society has grown accustom to. Furthermore, women are automatically disadvantaged in a workplace due to their physical differences from men. Females experience pregnancy, menstrual cycles, menopause and giving birth. Instead of being treated as normal occurrences in a women’s life, they are treated as an illness or something that willRead MoreThe Glass Ceiling and How Gender Discrimination Affects Women1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Ceiling and How Gender Discrimination Affects Women Does Father really know best? In Corporate America, men seem to want full control. Our organizations have been created by men for men and they have great opposition to women infiltrating their management positions. Men have created glass ceilings for women in the workplace. A glass ceiling is an artificial barrier that allows women to see the top of the corporate ladder but at the same time denies them access to the higher rungsRead MoreThe Glass Ceiling: A Human Capitalist Perspective Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pages The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from advancing into upper management (Bell 67). Despite extensive legislation and the widespread implementation of equal opportunity policies, there is still widespread structural inequality and job segregation in organizations throughout the United States. The level of the `glass ceiling varies among organizations and is reflected in different employment patterns, hiring practices, and pr omotion plans (Adler 451). TheRead More The Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? Essay2695 Words   |  11 PagesThe Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? There are many questions that come to mind when looking at the structure of any organizations. Within the social organization, employees face many challenges such as sexual harassment, violence, rape, depression, and discrimination. These issues in their respective organizations are a hindrance to their success and can cause their personal and career development to suffer. But the key factor that will be focused regarding discrimination is womens strugglesRead MoreThe Glass Ceiling Effect On Women1385 Words   |  6 Pagesare the implications of the â€Å"glass ceiling†? A glass ceiling effect is a political term used to portray the inconspicuous, yet unbreakable boundary that keeps minorities and ladies from ascending to the upper rungs of the professional pecking order, paying little respect to their capabilities or accomplishments. The expression glass ceiling was instituted in a 1986 Wall Street Journal give an account of corporate ladies by Hymowitz and Schellhardt (The Glass Ceiling effect) . At first, the analogyRead MoreGender Discrimination: Examining How Women are Denied Full Equality in the Workplace926 Words   |  4 Pagescritical role in expanding work place opportunities for women, yet they are still denied full equality in the workplace. Even though they can now secure powerful professional, academic and corporate positions once reserved for men, the ever present glass ceiling still deters the advancement of large segment of the female workforce (Gregory, 2003). Interest in the careers of females remained strong among both scholars and practitioners. Women have made considerable progress in entering the managerial ranksRead MoreHow Women Should Break the Glass Ceiling That Exists Nowadays?1175 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Stratification: How women should break the glass ceiling? The glass ceiling starts to form itself very early on. Glass ceiling is one of the most compelling metaphors used for analyzing inequality between men and women in the workplace. Appelbaum Chambliss (1997 : 232) describe the term ‘’glass ceiling’’ as a seemingly invisible barrier to movement into the very top positions at all levels of employment in business and government, which makes it difficult for women to reach the top of

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility A Social Organization

Question: Describe about the Corporate Social Responsibility for A Social Organization. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined as one of the kind of a social regulation which has been integrated and incorporated into the trade model of a corporation. The concept of CSR has been recognized as a very significant concept for any organization and it has been very significant for any corporation to abide by the requirements of the same. The Policy of CSR of any organization was recognized as a self-regulatory mechanism. As a result, in observance to the spirit of Law, the concept of CSR could assist and pursue all moral principles and were subjected to paramount global rules (Medarevic, 2012). Sometimes a number of questions have been raised by the critics asking that whether the observance of the concept of CSR was regarded as the only porthole which was covering or was merely a conservatory of the arms of the trade under societal rules. Therefore, ecology has been regarded as a name which was closely connected and affiliated with the concept of CSR (Lindgreen, and Swaen, 2010). Main Body In the view of Anderson (2009) it has been stated that since all the corporations works in a environment, so there has always been a close affiliation with the whole environment of the same. The Aim of the practice of CSR should be mainly concern with the minimization of the effect of the organizations on the ecology. As, it was observed that a number of corporation have centered there focus on attainment of a good quality of raw material which would result in reduction of the industrial waste and hence reducing its effect on the ecology at large. Though it has been observed that a number of corporations have a tendency to aim towards the outcome of the procedure of construction and as a consequence the main area of apprehension would be missed. Environment of trade and its connection with the observance of the concept of CSR center on producing optimum utilization of resources at each level of the combinations which subsists in the organization. The policy also includes replacement of manufacturing remains wherever probable, it has been stared that remains for a person could essentially be the raw material for the other organization. There has also been augmented pressure on handling of communal services, process of rainwater harvesting, and valorization of the some of the by-products in this environmental scheme. Authorities of Government have also assisted the concept of CSR by building business parks where exchange of services and goods could be effortlessly attained without major enhancement in the expenses which have been incurred. CSR has been defined as an intended scheme, though a number of corporations have utilized this concept for vast brand building work out. The purpose of the concept of CSR was intended to propose to the environment in turn of the harm which the corporations be liable to carry out in the usual course of their trade. Business and its major stakeholders have taken a chief step towards working out the policy of CSR and then executed the same all around the organizations (Andersen, 2009). In the era of 21st century, organizations were also observed to be occupied in this context as the clientele all around the value chain were becoming pretty responsive towards the ecological environment. An individual who have children comprises of a chance all over the long term era and also have the authority within the expected surroundings to assist the standard of living. Nevertheless the environmental advantageous exercise was also made concerning to the small trades in ability, as it was about the best by utilizing the expensive unrefined waste, in addition to consuming the benefits of act straight away through to the underneath series (Lindgreen, and Swaen, 2010). In the view of Turker (2009) it has been stated that in regard to the concept of CSR sometimes a question arises which asks that, what has been measured in an ecological way a significant thing of one's procedures? The reply to such an issue was typically scrambled up all over the sum of forces which an individual utilizes and also the data which this authoritative work with creations towards dilemmas such as a change in the local weather (Turker, 2009). It has been twisted up all over the system which states that an individual establishes ones own unrefined waste, in accumulation it has been specifically asked that what the genuine impact was when the removal of the ecological effect was there. It has been twisted up all over the amount of utilization of the mineral water which individuals do. And it has also been emphasized by means of the amount of environmental opportunity which individuals attain (Godfrey, Merrill, and Hansen, 2009). In case an individual indulge in a wrongful act, then the costs incurred could be high. The prerequisite in regard to the worldwide action was frequently considerably major in leading authorities in order to initiate for an individual to higher price tag by way of imposing tax on the assets which require protection. Too much time has been observed to be consumed in order to maintain attachment to these assets, and the opponents who were causing driving of individuals could be came across by an individual. An ever-growing system related with environmental laws also intimidates for an individual to grant a person a fees as well as a shattered fame for almost any environmental accident on one's sites. And also whatever the matter, in case a person have not investigated ones own technique to mark precisely where expend occurs, an individual would be most probable of burning off on about 1% of one's whole earnings that was tainted straight from ones trash ton to the imperative thing (Ande rsen, 2009). Practice of an unrefined waste, all of the nonrenewable assets which by means of categorization were unquestionably not ultimately attainable. Whereas in view of the fact it has been stated that the significantly ecological friendly assets were affected in a way by which it could be absolutely not at the moment attainable. But it has been stated that the viewpoint of the environmental incidents includes the earnings which were connected with contamination which takes place in regard to oxygen, mineral water or maybe land. Administration and trade sociable responsibility (CSR) persuades all the perceptions of the responsibility of the entities in regard to an extensive range of stakeholders, other than depositors in addition to dealers. Significant areas of problems frequently were ecological resistance and the benefit of the workers, both uniformly in the present state in addition to sometime soon. The significant belief of CSR was in reality recognized from the irrefutable fact that firms still could not act as out of the manner financial corporations which were running throughout objectivity through bigger society (Barnea, and Rubin, 2010). There have been a number of persons who force organizations towards CSR some of which were (Weber, 2008): Necessities in relation to larger discovery It has been observed that there has been an enlarging obligation in regard to business and trade revelations through stakeholders, such as purchasers, workers, dealers, in addition to advanced corporations. Enhanced concentration of consumer There have been certain facts which state that the admirable performances of firms put forth an increasing impact about the consequences which were beard for verdicts of consumers. Rationally spirited time place of market Workers frequently were progressively more penetrating the past remunerations in addition to repay, and to look for the trade managers whose ideas in accumulation to the organization of methods match their very own values. Company relations Because shareholders have developed to be progressively bearing in mind the cases of the organization, a lot of firms frequently were attaining techniques to convince the attendant carryout themselves in the communally answerable approach. Though, a lot of firms still overlook CSR inside the current progression. The idea of CSR was in the present era, firmly beached about the global intention of the organizations. But as a technique to relocate through the belief in order to authenticate actions, a lot of hurdles should be conquest over. An internal complicated job facing organizations would be the necessity of far more reliable signs of enhancement in the area of CSR, with the propagation of CSR techniques. The real 'Working containing the sections of NGOs' conveys a lot of data in regard to the approach organizations in addition to access hall society work with each other in order to make good amount of earnings. Focus on communal ecological and economic attainability has twisted into an aim of a number of CSR efforts. Resilience appears to be an initial desire of CSR with regard to safeguarding ones own earths techniques. Firms were reserved with the help of the stakeholders which comprises of customers, workers, and campaigners in order to inculcate an innovative system which was anticipated for establishing that how they would possibly keep financial achievement even though by way of showing concern for their specific working employees and the surrounding (Carroll, and Shabana, 2010). Though, the query remains the same that whether this was a transient trend or one that would continue to reform the profile of trade. Several big trends indicate that corporate social responsibility and ecology was here to keep: Moving from coverage to appointment: The present model of CSR reporting has hit something of a maximum in terms of the excellence of information. People have spent the last ten years developing the approach for measuring the progress and still haven't come close to the original aim which was to find ways of measuring CSR in a dependable and significant manner. It was early days for this one, but the inference of this trend was that CSR managers become less compliance alert and more concerned in discussion with marketers. Business model: More corporations were starting to understand a little more about the scale of the challenge that were faced by people in terms of sustainability as this was what it means for their business model. Finding ones own individuality and admiration: CSR managers have been asking themselves for some time whether they were part of an appropriate qualified regulation or not, etc. Whereas the trends in ecology were: Intelligibility; Faith; Contribution of the society; Accessing an innovative market sensibly; Proposals to employ corporations, etc. The people who were the Core dealers would be reserved to guarantee that these individuals appraise the problems of CSR while the corporations were considered (Devinney, 2009). For example: the specific United nations environment Program Monetary attempt have initiated a application on the list of worlds leading solicitors in order to investigate whether institutional buyers such as pension plan assets and indemnity organizations frequently were authoritatively allowed in order to comprise of ecological, societal and Government (ESG) problems in expenditure of making decisions and title performances (Bnabou, and Tirole, 2010). In the year 2005, a specific report was recognized that the buyers who were figured out could be found merely as allowed in order to carry out such mechanisms which were mentioned above into mind (Maon, Lindgreen, and Swaen, 2009) . Amalgamation of ecological, communal and governance apprehensions straight into a cost assessment in order to more consistently predict individual acts was essentially evidently permitted which was likely essential in most of the regions, the report came to the consequence. Communally in charge dealers have been regarded as a significant prompt speculating corporation in order to inculcate an innovative CSR agenda for an individuals previous decade. At the present time, conventional banking organizations have similarly arrived at the advantage of CSR (Du, Bhattacharya, and Sen, 2010). Strength and weakness of CSR: Strength: Improvement in the representation of the Corporation; Increased desirability and preservation of workers; Positive advertising, etc. Weakness: Confidence of the Clients; Transfer from the aim of making profit, etc. Similarly, there have been a number of strengths and weaknesses of the ecological footprint. Strengths: The universality and flexibility was an obvious strength that a person in Australia could gauge their ecological footprint along with the business in different states. Ecological impact could assist the corporations to edge their policy problems, and could be utilized as a accord builder, as it highlights sometimes hidden aspects of corporations. Furthermore it manages to connection scientific appraisal of human effect on character with principles and responsibility and bringing these 2 features into a trade or governments verdict making was a real strength.(Crane, Matten, and Spence, 2008). Weaknesses: The ecological weakness of CSR practices has been criticized as being anthropocentric, which focus only on human requirements. When it gazes at the biocapacity of the earth in its computations, it only utilizes the parts of the earth that were unswervingly helpful to humans. About 36 billion hectares of the property, as well as the outer reach of the masses were barred from ecological computations, as they were measured too infertile for human utilization. Therefore, such property could be tainted or undergo biodiversity loss and no unenthusiastic impact would be shown in ecological computations. Furthermore, such computations assume that all of the earths incapacity which was available exclusively for human utilization, not taking into accounts the requiremnets of other species on the planet. Conclusion So, at last it has been concluded that since a corporation works in an environment there has always been a close linkage which it has with the worldwide environment of the same. The aim of the CSR practice should be to diminish the effect of the organization on the ecology at large. It has also been observed that a number of corporations have put their focus on good raw material attainment which would conclude in reducing the industrial waste and therefore diminishing the effect on the ecology. On the other hand, it has been observed that most of the corporations tends to centre towards the closing stages of the construction procedure and miss out on the main areas of apprehensions. Industry environment and its connection with the practice of CSR which centre on producing the optimum utilization of resources at every level of the groupings which subsists in the organization. The approach comprises of the substitute of industrial remains wherever possible, it has been observed that re mains for an individual could in reality be the raw material for the other organizations at the whole. References Andersen, M., and Skjoett-Larsen, T. (2009) Corporate social responsibility in global supply chains. Supply chain management: an international journal, 14(2), 75-86. Barnea, A., and Rubin, A. (2010) Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of business ethics, 97(1), 71-86. Bnabou, R., and Tirole, J. (2010) Individual and corporate social responsibility.Economica, 77(305), 1-19. Carroll, A. B., and Shabana, K. M. (2010) The business case for corporate social responsibility: a review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85-105. Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, L. J. (Eds.). (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. London: Routledge. Devinney, T. M. (2009) Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(2), 44-56. Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., and Sen, S. (2010) Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8-19. Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., and Hansen, J. M. (2009) The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425-445. Lindgreen, A., and Swaen, V. (2010) Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1-7. Lindgreen, A., and Swaen, V. (2010) Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1-7. Maon, F., Lindgreen, A., and Swaen, V. (2009) Designing and Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility: An Integrative Framework Grounded in Theory and Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 71. Medarevic, S. (2012) Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility and the Carbon Economy: A Case for CSR, the Triple Bottom Line and Obliquity. Corporate Governance eJournal. Turker, D. (2009) Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of business ethics, 85(4), 411-427. Weber, M.(2008) The business case for corporate social responsibility: A company-level measurement approach for CSR. European Management Journal, 26(4), 247-261.