Imf As An International Financial Institution Essay

The 1997-1998 Indonesian Economic Crises. IMF Interventions - Lessons to learn. Introduction. 1997 to1998 saw the East Asian nations of Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea engulfed in an economic and financial crises that nearly collapsed their economies. The IMF was at the center stage to help during these crises. How IMF’s assistance further deepened Indonesia’s economic crises, received heavy criticism from Political, economic and social analyst against IMF s programs and Policies in Developing nations worldwide. Brief History of The IMF as an International Financial Institution. The IMF (The International Monetary Fund) with the World Bank, were established in July 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference as International Financial Institutions. â€Å"to Prevent economic crises and to rebuild economies shattered by World war II† The Levin-Institute(n.d). The IMF as an IFIs, was â€Å"aimed at stabilizing global financial markets and national currencies by providing resources to establish secure monetary policy and exchange rate regimes.†The Levin-Institute(n.d) IMF Economic Program in Indonesian. Until 1997, Indonesia (as a member state to the IMF) had most of its foreign exchange reserves retained, no serious macroeconomic imbalances- its current account deficit(CAD) was half that of Thailand. It also had in place, most of its policy makers who for 30 Years oversaw the rapid growth of the economy. Grenville, S (May,2004. Pp4). According to Grenville, S (May,2004. Pp4)Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Global Financial Institutions Such As The World Bank And International Monetary Fund ( Imf )2179 Words   |  9 Pagesexplore and critically analyze the impact of the global financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). There was a discussion on reasons for the establishment of the institutions. An examination using various illustrations of the conditions these institutions impose on borrowing countries. Developing countries in the sub-Sahara Africa and, in particular, Senegal will be used to explore dealing with above institutions and their outcomes. It will also highlight reasonsRead MoreDoes International Business Need International Financial Institutions, Such as the Imf, the World Bank and the Ebrd? Give Reasons to Support Your Views2966 Words   |  12 PagesDoes International Business need International Financial Institutions, such as the IMF, the World Bank and the EBRD? Give reasons to support your views. INTRODUCTION: International Financial Institutions (IFIs) are the financial institutions that are formed by a number of countries, to help countries from going through global economic crisis or financial turmoil. These IFIs play a predominant role in ensuring that timely help is provided in the form of financial loans and, provide funding forRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1561 Words   |  7 PagesAND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these international financialRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1679 Words   |  7 PagesBANK AND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these international financialRead MoreMonetary Fund And The World Bank1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthese international financial power institutions are geared towards moving resources from the poor countries to the rich western countries. The end result is creating a situation where the poor countries sunk into more economic suicidal condition in which they have to still depend on more loans or aids to survive and they would have to comply with any condition attached to the help, due to the urgent need of support. As history goes, the International Monetary Fund and its fraternal institution, TheRead MoreThe Decline Of The United States964 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy occurred (Dezhao, 2006) back in the 1930s during the capitalist world s great economic depression. The second fall took place in the 1970s and 80s, the time which the international competitiveness of U.S. commodities and capital decreased significantly. The third decline occurred late 2000 , the recent financial crisis 2008/9. The reasons and results of the three falls are very different. Following the first two declines, the United States made efforts to alleviate the declines throughRead MoreInternational Financial Institutions ( Ifis ) Are Central Pillars And The Architects Of The Global Economy1665 Words   |  7 Pages1.The international financial institutions (IFIs) are central pillars and the architects of the global economy. The world bank and IMF were founded and funded by the United states after the second world war t o build shattered world economy after the war and great depression of the 1930s (socialist alternative,). The creation of the IFIs was to bring about a global economy after the â€Å"isolation economy† which some argue brought about the Second World War. The IFIs were to help the economy of the lessRead More Role of IMF and World Bank Essay example1433 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The world’s major international financial institutions represent paradoxical ideals in their quest to satisfy the needs of both developed and developing nations. These institutions are chartered with helping poor nations but are criticized for their neo-colonial policies. Member nations are all considered equal, but contributions make some more equal than others. Mostly, these organizations are managed by rich nations that usurp the autonomy of developing nations in the pursuitRead MoreGlobalization and Its Discontents1109 Words   |  5 PagesDiscontents, 2002 Chapters 1 and 2 [pic] Chapter 1: The Promise of Global Institutions International Organizations – powerful institutions today A. International Bureaucrats – the â€Å"faceless symbols of the world economic order† are under attack B. Protests of Int’l Org Meetings – continual flashpoints/conflict 1. WTO – Seattle, 1999 protest 2. Annual IMF/World Bank protests 3. Protests not new in developing world, ARE new inRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) The IMF was set up during the Second World War in the year 1944. It started operation in 1947 and it has been working with the UNO since. Its headquarters is in Washington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countries

Essay On How A Bill Becomes A Law In Congress - 710 Words

Isabella Sferra Period 6 Political Science Quiz #2: How a Bill Becomes a Law in Congress First, any citizen can suggest an idea for a bill to their state’s congress members. If the congress member supports the idea, they draft a bill aiming to legislate that bill into law. They introduce it into their chamber, either the House or the Senate, from where it is then introduced to the pertinent committee. These committees vary in the divisions of subject matter by chamber, but include ones like Small Business and Entrepreneurship and Indian Affairs in the Senate and Education and the Workforce and Financial Services in the House (www.govtrack.us). Committee members do a number of things with the bill. They debate, hold public†¦show more content†¦House of Representatives) . If the President uses a regular veto, Congress may override it through a two thirds majority in both houses. Otherwise, the bill then becomes a law. Some of the main differences between Chambers is in the subject matter dealt with. Only the House can initiate bills dealing with revenue and both introduce and decide on impeachments, while the Senate advises on treaties and tries impeached officials (University of Texas). Also, only the Senate can filibuster, or threaten to, because of its unlimited amount of time for debates unless cloture is called. The House sets priorities and rules for the debate of bills through the House Committee on Rules. Some of the problems arising from this system have to do with the lengthy and difficult process bills must go through to be approved. The necessity of going through committees, in both chambers, involves a long process of debates and hearings where bills can easily die. The lack of debate limits in the Senate mean that either party can easily threaten to filibuster a bill to halt its progress. Also, the legislature as a whole has no check against the pocket veto. Works Cited â€Å"Basic Procedural Differences Between the House of Representatives and the Senate.† Committee on Rules, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Rules,Show MoreRelated How a Bill Becomes Law Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesConstitution settles how bills become law in the United States. The procedure is operose and can take significant time to complete. The course materials of week three offer more than enough information on how the procedure works. This essay will, mainly, use the course materials to describe the process of how a bill becomes a law. The process of transforming a bill into a law requires the participation of both the Legislative branch and Executive branch of government. Before there is a law, there isRead MoreTrace The Pathway Of A Bill Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesPSC 201 Essay #8 Trace the pathway of a bill through both houses of congress. The process in which a bill becomes a law can be a lengthy one, it must go through many steps in order to become the law of the land. It is believed that this process should be a matter that every American citizen should be informed of in order to fully understand and appreciate the inner workings of congress with regard to The House of Representatives and the Senate. The steps in which a bill becomes a law is an exampleRead MoreHow Does A Bill Become A Law Within The Us Political System?869 Words   |  4 PagesHow does a Bill become a Law within the US political system? Each time a bill is sent to become a law it always becomes a hasseling process where if an individual really wants it he or she will fight for it. This process can take months or even years to even come close to finishing, sometimes the bill at the end isn t entirely what it originally was. Like everywhere in the world if a person or group wishes to get something done, connections are the easiest path to achieve what one wants. By connectionsRead MoreRogerian Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages19 May 2012 1) I am writing this essay because I am a huge advocate of a free internet. The internet should not be able to be monitored by the US government or anyone else. In this essay, I plan to inform the reader on what the US is trying to do to the free internet. 2) I learned a lot by completing this assignment. Most importantly, I learned how to write a Rogerian essay. It was interesting learning about my topic, but learning how to write this essay will benefit me more in life. 3)Read MoreThe Treaty Of The Constitution Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdelegates from 13 states met in Philadelphia to write what was later to become the U.S. Constitution. This draft specifically stated what the government would do but it did not state what it couldn’t do. This became a major hurdle for the ratification of the constitution. For more than four years, there was much debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need to include a Bill of individual rights and the Anti-Federalists refused to agree toRead MoreEssay On Tax Reform1059 Words   |  5 Pagesthe very fact that most of the republican party had voted favorably in trying to repeal before Trump was elected. Third is that Procedurally the GOP left themselves no real choice, it was that in the month of January the republicans passed a budget bill that including Obamacare, the window had been closed.The fourth is more a opinion but it has tr uth behind it, tax reform is and has been really hard, the truth is for 30 years , the government has yet to really change the tax system, so doing the healthcareRead MoreGovernment: Constitutional Powers and Limits1210 Words   |  5 Pagesframers could not foresee the expansion of the government’s power that has happened until the present day. With the â€Å"war on terror† being one of the governments priorities, questions arise if the gov- ernment has become too powerful, especially with regard to practicing surveillance. This essay aims to analyse the limits and powers given to the government by the framers in the seven Arti- cles of the Constitution, and finally apply these Articles to the government’s practice of sur- veillance today. Read MoreSeparation Of Powers And Checks And Balances1144 Words   |  5 Pagesseparation of powers by the framers was also because they believed that a government is more likely to stay within the boundaries of the laws. A fter the Constitution three branches were created by the framers; the legislative, executive and judicial. The Legislative branch, Art.1, consist of the House and the Senate, this branch is responsible for endorsing the laws of the state and taking the money necessary to operate the government. The Executive, Art. 2, consist of the President, this branch isRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1004 Words   |  5 Pagesperiods in American history. It was a period right after the Civil War lasting from approximately from 1863 to 1877. During this time, the leaders of the country and the congress struggled with a challenge of bringing the South back into the Union politically, economically and socially. One of the key challenges they faced was how to reunite the nation and what to do with the thirteen rebellious states that broke off from the Union and joined the Confederacy. Another challenge the government wasRead MoreMarch on Washington Causes and Consequences Essay1522 Word s   |  7 PagesMarch On Washington – Causes and consequences essay Final The march on Washington in August 1963 is seen by many as the high point of the Civil Rights movement in America. This essay will look at how dissatisfaction with the slow pace of integration growing concern at the economic disparity between black and white Americans, the campaign in Birmingham under Martin Luther King juniors leadership, and the desire to support the proposed civil rights bill that Kennedy was introducing were the main

Computer Network Assignment Free Essays

COMPUTER NETWORKS 4TH MARCH 2012 Examination Paper Answer ALL questions. Clearly cross out surplus answers. Time: 2 hours Any reference material brought into the examination room must be handed to the invigilator before the start of the examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Network Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Marks QUESTION 1 a) State FOUR (4) principles underpinning the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. b) Describe the purpose of the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. c) State THREE (3) elements of network design that relate to the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. ) Describe the purpose of the data link layer. 4 1 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 2 a) b) c) d) Define the term a packet as used in computer networks. Briefly describe the THREE (3) key components of a packet. Explain the difference between a LAN, MAN and WAN. Describe how signal reflection could be a problem in an Ethernet LAN and explain how this is prevented. 1 3 3 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 3 a) b) c) d) Explain why wireless technology was not initially widely adopted. State THREE (3) advantages to using wireless peripheral devices. Describe what a wireless adapter is. Windows 7 Check Your Understanding iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/windows-7-check-your-understanding/embed/#?secret=8dUD0KAxNg" data-secret="8dUD0KAxNg" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Windows 7 Check Your Understanding#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Describe what an access point is. 3 3 2 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 4 a) b) c) d) Explain what physical topology is. Explain what logical topology is. Describe how physical topology and logical topology relate to each other. Describe how point to point networks operate. 2 2 2 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 5 a) b) c) J State FIVE (5) factors to consider when choosing physical media for a computer network. State FOUR (4) advantages to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. State the main disadvantage to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. 4 1 Total 10 Marks QUESTIONS CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Page 2 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012 Marks QUESTION 6 a) b) Explain what a repeater is and briefly describe how it works. Explain what a router is and briefly describe how it works. 6 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 7 a) b) c) List FIVE (5) key factors to take into account when locating wireless access points. You have located an access point in the best available place for your wireless network but it is not providing the complete coverage you require. State THREE (3) options you have to extend the coverage of the wireless network. Your wireless network allows public access via a login page. Describe TWO (2) features that should be included in your login page. 5 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 8 a) b) c) d) A secure network offers privacy. Explain what privacy is in this context. A secure network offers integrity. Explain what integrity is in this context. A secure network offers availability. Explain what availability is in this context. Describe a man-in-the-middle attack. 2 3 2 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 9 a) Firewall traffic blocking rules can be created for network traffic based upon a number of different properties. State THREE (3) properties that are used to create firewall rules. b) Explain what a router firewall does. c) List FOUR (4) key tasks that are vital for managing a firewall. 3 3 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 10 a) b) c) State the THREE (3) main functions of a Network Operating System (NOS). Describe how a redirector works. State THREE (3) network services that a NOS will typically enable. 3 4 3 Total 10 Marks END OF EXAM Page 3 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012 How to cite Computer Network Assignment, Papers

Deconstruction of Communalism Diversity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Deconstruction of Communalism Diversity. Answer: Introduction: In the era of globalization and multiculturalism culturally diverse group is not only significant for workforce diversity but a great opportunity of assembling language skills, varied perspective and thought process and skills into the project. In a complex project this would be advantageous for the culmination of varied attitudes and skills to achieve better productivity in the project (Harvey Allard, 2015). As it is with varied group belonging from different cultural background, people will bring into the project multiple perspectives that would foster the innovative angle of the project. Any complex project should never adhere to one stereotyped or clichd idea, but should venture out to include more. This could be achieved by taking into consideration multiple perceptions and voices with the help of an enhanced communicational method. The amalgamation of different perspectives would help in increased productivity and faster resolution of complex issues (Harvey Allard, 2015). One of the many challenges of assisting project internationally is to implement strategies in proper synchronization with other communities and their cultural beliefs. Communal discontent is one of the burning issues today, some of the practices are moreover threatened by globalization. As a PM it becomes indeed difficult to strike a proper balance in introducing major policies and challenges in a progressive manner without hurting the sentiments of people at large (Singh, 2017). Another crisis while looking after international projects could be planning an effective budgeting which could be affected by the economy of the other countries thereby resulting in financial depletion and unnecessary expenses. While assisting international projects is unforeseen expenses and lack of collaboration on the part of the countries to come to a negotiation (Lynch, 2017). As far as my opinion is concerned, assisting projects internationally requires a very able project management team who would be able to predict possible time loss, financial instability, and lack of co-ordination in time schedules while completing the work (Beck, 2018). People who are connected with the project, positioning lower in the hierarchy of power often faces communicational hindrances due to lack of education and communication skills. As a PM responding to all these circumstances is a matter of time and money. Hiring experienced management team can eradicate the problems. Reference List: Beck, U. (2018).What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Harvey, C. P., Allard, M. (2015).Understanding and managing diversity: Readings, cases, and exercises. Pearson. Lynch, F. R. (2017).The diversity machine: The drive to change the white male workplace. Routledge. Singh, N. K. (2017). Mahesh Dattani's Final Solutions: Deconstruction of Communalism.International Journal on Multicultural Literature,7(2).