Sunday, December 29, 2019

Imf As An International Financial Institution Essay

The 1997-1998 Indonesian Economic Crises. IMF Interventions - Lessons to learn. Introduction. 1997 to1998 saw the East Asian nations of Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea engulfed in an economic and financial crises that nearly collapsed their economies. The IMF was at the center stage to help during these crises. How IMF’s assistance further deepened Indonesia’s economic crises, received heavy criticism from Political, economic and social analyst against IMF s programs and Policies in Developing nations worldwide. Brief History of The IMF as an International Financial Institution. The IMF (The International Monetary Fund) with the World Bank, were established in July 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference as International Financial Institutions. â€Å"to Prevent economic crises and to rebuild economies shattered by World war II† The Levin-Institute(n.d). The IMF as an IFIs, was â€Å"aimed at stabilizing global financial markets and national currencies by providing resources to establish secure monetary policy and exchange rate regimes.†The Levin-Institute(n.d) IMF Economic Program in Indonesian. Until 1997, Indonesia (as a member state to the IMF) had most of its foreign exchange reserves retained, no serious macroeconomic imbalances- its current account deficit(CAD) was half that of Thailand. It also had in place, most of its policy makers who for 30 Years oversaw the rapid growth of the economy. Grenville, S (May,2004. Pp4). According to Grenville, S (May,2004. Pp4)Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Global Financial Institutions Such As The World Bank And International Monetary Fund ( Imf )2179 Words   |  9 Pagesexplore and critically analyze the impact of the global financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). There was a discussion on reasons for the establishment of the institutions. An examination using various illustrations of the conditions these institutions impose on borrowing countries. Developing countries in the sub-Sahara Africa and, in particular, Senegal will be used to explore dealing with above institutions and their outcomes. It will also highlight reasonsRead MoreDoes International Business Need International Financial Institutions, Such as the Imf, the World Bank and the Ebrd? Give Reasons to Support Your Views2966 Words   |  12 PagesDoes International Business need International Financial Institutions, such as the IMF, the World Bank and the EBRD? Give reasons to support your views. INTRODUCTION: International Financial Institutions (IFIs) are the financial institutions that are formed by a number of countries, to help countries from going through global economic crisis or financial turmoil. These IFIs play a predominant role in ensuring that timely help is provided in the form of financial loans and, provide funding forRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1561 Words   |  7 PagesAND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these international financialRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund And The World Bank1679 Words   |  7 PagesBANK AND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these international financialRead MoreMonetary Fund And The World Bank1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthese international financial power institutions are geared towards moving resources from the poor countries to the rich western countries. The end result is creating a situation where the poor countries sunk into more economic suicidal condition in which they have to still depend on more loans or aids to survive and they would have to comply with any condition attached to the help, due to the urgent need of support. As history goes, the International Monetary Fund and its fraternal institution, TheRead MoreThe Decline Of The United States964 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy occurred (Dezhao, 2006) back in the 1930s during the capitalist world s great economic depression. The second fall took place in the 1970s and 80s, the time which the international competitiveness of U.S. commodities and capital decreased significantly. The third decline occurred late 2000 , the recent financial crisis 2008/9. The reasons and results of the three falls are very different. Following the first two declines, the United States made efforts to alleviate the declines throughRead MoreInternational Financial Institutions ( Ifis ) Are Central Pillars And The Architects Of The Global Economy1665 Words   |  7 Pages1.The international financial institutions (IFIs) are central pillars and the architects of the global economy. The world bank and IMF were founded and funded by the United states after the second world war t o build shattered world economy after the war and great depression of the 1930s (socialist alternative,). The creation of the IFIs was to bring about a global economy after the â€Å"isolation economy† which some argue brought about the Second World War. The IFIs were to help the economy of the lessRead More Role of IMF and World Bank Essay example1433 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The world’s major international financial institutions represent paradoxical ideals in their quest to satisfy the needs of both developed and developing nations. These institutions are chartered with helping poor nations but are criticized for their neo-colonial policies. Member nations are all considered equal, but contributions make some more equal than others. Mostly, these organizations are managed by rich nations that usurp the autonomy of developing nations in the pursuitRead MoreGlobalization and Its Discontents1109 Words   |  5 PagesDiscontents, 2002 Chapters 1 and 2 [pic] Chapter 1: The Promise of Global Institutions International Organizations – powerful institutions today A. International Bureaucrats – the â€Å"faceless symbols of the world economic order† are under attack B. Protests of Int’l Org Meetings – continual flashpoints/conflict 1. WTO – Seattle, 1999 protest 2. Annual IMF/World Bank protests 3. Protests not new in developing world, ARE new inRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) The IMF was set up during the Second World War in the year 1944. It started operation in 1947 and it has been working with the UNO since. Its headquarters is in Washington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countries

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Essay On How A Bill Becomes A Law In Congress - 710 Words

Isabella Sferra Period 6 Political Science Quiz #2: How a Bill Becomes a Law in Congress First, any citizen can suggest an idea for a bill to their state’s congress members. If the congress member supports the idea, they draft a bill aiming to legislate that bill into law. They introduce it into their chamber, either the House or the Senate, from where it is then introduced to the pertinent committee. These committees vary in the divisions of subject matter by chamber, but include ones like Small Business and Entrepreneurship and Indian Affairs in the Senate and Education and the Workforce and Financial Services in the House (www.govtrack.us). Committee members do a number of things with the bill. They debate, hold public†¦show more content†¦House of Representatives) . If the President uses a regular veto, Congress may override it through a two thirds majority in both houses. Otherwise, the bill then becomes a law. Some of the main differences between Chambers is in the subject matter dealt with. Only the House can initiate bills dealing with revenue and both introduce and decide on impeachments, while the Senate advises on treaties and tries impeached officials (University of Texas). Also, only the Senate can filibuster, or threaten to, because of its unlimited amount of time for debates unless cloture is called. The House sets priorities and rules for the debate of bills through the House Committee on Rules. Some of the problems arising from this system have to do with the lengthy and difficult process bills must go through to be approved. The necessity of going through committees, in both chambers, involves a long process of debates and hearings where bills can easily die. The lack of debate limits in the Senate mean that either party can easily threaten to filibuster a bill to halt its progress. Also, the legislature as a whole has no check against the pocket veto. Works Cited â€Å"Basic Procedural Differences Between the House of Representatives and the Senate.† Committee on Rules, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Rules,Show MoreRelated How a Bill Becomes Law Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesConstitution settles how bills become law in the United States. The procedure is operose and can take significant time to complete. The course materials of week three offer more than enough information on how the procedure works. This essay will, mainly, use the course materials to describe the process of how a bill becomes a law. The process of transforming a bill into a law requires the participation of both the Legislative branch and Executive branch of government. Before there is a law, there isRead MoreTrace The Pathway Of A Bill Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesPSC 201 Essay #8 Trace the pathway of a bill through both houses of congress. The process in which a bill becomes a law can be a lengthy one, it must go through many steps in order to become the law of the land. It is believed that this process should be a matter that every American citizen should be informed of in order to fully understand and appreciate the inner workings of congress with regard to The House of Representatives and the Senate. The steps in which a bill becomes a law is an exampleRead MoreHow Does A Bill Become A Law Within The Us Political System?869 Words   |  4 PagesHow does a Bill become a Law within the US political system? Each time a bill is sent to become a law it always becomes a hasseling process where if an individual really wants it he or she will fight for it. This process can take months or even years to even come close to finishing, sometimes the bill at the end isn t entirely what it originally was. Like everywhere in the world if a person or group wishes to get something done, connections are the easiest path to achieve what one wants. By connectionsRead MoreRogerian Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages19 May 2012 1) I am writing this essay because I am a huge advocate of a free internet. The internet should not be able to be monitored by the US government or anyone else. In this essay, I plan to inform the reader on what the US is trying to do to the free internet. 2) I learned a lot by completing this assignment. Most importantly, I learned how to write a Rogerian essay. It was interesting learning about my topic, but learning how to write this essay will benefit me more in life. 3)Read MoreThe Treaty Of The Constitution Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdelegates from 13 states met in Philadelphia to write what was later to become the U.S. Constitution. This draft specifically stated what the government would do but it did not state what it couldn’t do. This became a major hurdle for the ratification of the constitution. For more than four years, there was much debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need to include a Bill of individual rights and the Anti-Federalists refused to agree toRead MoreEssay On Tax Reform1059 Words   |  5 Pagesthe very fact that most of the republican party had voted favorably in trying to repeal before Trump was elected. Third is that Procedurally the GOP left themselves no real choice, it was that in the month of January the republicans passed a budget bill that including Obamacare, the window had been closed.The fourth is more a opinion but it has tr uth behind it, tax reform is and has been really hard, the truth is for 30 years , the government has yet to really change the tax system, so doing the healthcareRead MoreGovernment: Constitutional Powers and Limits1210 Words   |  5 Pagesframers could not foresee the expansion of the government’s power that has happened until the present day. With the â€Å"war on terror† being one of the governments priorities, questions arise if the gov- ernment has become too powerful, especially with regard to practicing surveillance. This essay aims to analyse the limits and powers given to the government by the framers in the seven Arti- cles of the Constitution, and finally apply these Articles to the government’s practice of sur- veillance today. Read MoreSeparation Of Powers And Checks And Balances1144 Words   |  5 Pagesseparation of powers by the framers was also because they believed that a government is more likely to stay within the boundaries of the laws. A fter the Constitution three branches were created by the framers; the legislative, executive and judicial. The Legislative branch, Art.1, consist of the House and the Senate, this branch is responsible for endorsing the laws of the state and taking the money necessary to operate the government. The Executive, Art. 2, consist of the President, this branch isRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1004 Words   |  5 Pagesperiods in American history. It was a period right after the Civil War lasting from approximately from 1863 to 1877. During this time, the leaders of the country and the congress struggled with a challenge of bringing the South back into the Union politically, economically and socially. One of the key challenges they faced was how to reunite the nation and what to do with the thirteen rebellious states that broke off from the Union and joined the Confederacy. Another challenge the government wasRead MoreMarch on Washington Causes and Consequences Essay1522 Word s   |  7 PagesMarch On Washington – Causes and consequences essay Final The march on Washington in August 1963 is seen by many as the high point of the Civil Rights movement in America. This essay will look at how dissatisfaction with the slow pace of integration growing concern at the economic disparity between black and white Americans, the campaign in Birmingham under Martin Luther King juniors leadership, and the desire to support the proposed civil rights bill that Kennedy was introducing were the main

Friday, December 13, 2019

Computer Network Assignment Free Essays

COMPUTER NETWORKS 4TH MARCH 2012 Examination Paper Answer ALL questions. Clearly cross out surplus answers. Time: 2 hours Any reference material brought into the examination room must be handed to the invigilator before the start of the examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Network Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Marks QUESTION 1 a) State FOUR (4) principles underpinning the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. b) Describe the purpose of the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. c) State THREE (3) elements of network design that relate to the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. ) Describe the purpose of the data link layer. 4 1 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 2 a) b) c) d) Define the term a packet as used in computer networks. Briefly describe the THREE (3) key components of a packet. Explain the difference between a LAN, MAN and WAN. Describe how signal reflection could be a problem in an Ethernet LAN and explain how this is prevented. 1 3 3 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 3 a) b) c) d) Explain why wireless technology was not initially widely adopted. State THREE (3) advantages to using wireless peripheral devices. Describe what a wireless adapter is. Windows 7 Check Your Understanding iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/windows-7-check-your-understanding/embed/#?secret=8dUD0KAxNg" data-secret="8dUD0KAxNg" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Windows 7 Check Your Understanding#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Describe what an access point is. 3 3 2 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 4 a) b) c) d) Explain what physical topology is. Explain what logical topology is. Describe how physical topology and logical topology relate to each other. Describe how point to point networks operate. 2 2 2 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 5 a) b) c) J State FIVE (5) factors to consider when choosing physical media for a computer network. State FOUR (4) advantages to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. State the main disadvantage to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. 4 1 Total 10 Marks QUESTIONS CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Page 2 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012 Marks QUESTION 6 a) b) Explain what a repeater is and briefly describe how it works. Explain what a router is and briefly describe how it works. 6 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 7 a) b) c) List FIVE (5) key factors to take into account when locating wireless access points. You have located an access point in the best available place for your wireless network but it is not providing the complete coverage you require. State THREE (3) options you have to extend the coverage of the wireless network. Your wireless network allows public access via a login page. Describe TWO (2) features that should be included in your login page. 5 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 8 a) b) c) d) A secure network offers privacy. Explain what privacy is in this context. A secure network offers integrity. Explain what integrity is in this context. A secure network offers availability. Explain what availability is in this context. Describe a man-in-the-middle attack. 2 3 2 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 9 a) Firewall traffic blocking rules can be created for network traffic based upon a number of different properties. State THREE (3) properties that are used to create firewall rules. b) Explain what a router firewall does. c) List FOUR (4) key tasks that are vital for managing a firewall. 3 3 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 10 a) b) c) State the THREE (3) main functions of a Network Operating System (NOS). Describe how a redirector works. State THREE (3) network services that a NOS will typically enable. 3 4 3 Total 10 Marks END OF EXAM Page 3 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW Â © NCC Education Ltd 2012 How to cite Computer Network Assignment, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Deconstruction of Communalism Diversity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Deconstruction of Communalism Diversity. Answer: Introduction: In the era of globalization and multiculturalism culturally diverse group is not only significant for workforce diversity but a great opportunity of assembling language skills, varied perspective and thought process and skills into the project. In a complex project this would be advantageous for the culmination of varied attitudes and skills to achieve better productivity in the project (Harvey Allard, 2015). As it is with varied group belonging from different cultural background, people will bring into the project multiple perspectives that would foster the innovative angle of the project. Any complex project should never adhere to one stereotyped or clichd idea, but should venture out to include more. This could be achieved by taking into consideration multiple perceptions and voices with the help of an enhanced communicational method. The amalgamation of different perspectives would help in increased productivity and faster resolution of complex issues (Harvey Allard, 2015). One of the many challenges of assisting project internationally is to implement strategies in proper synchronization with other communities and their cultural beliefs. Communal discontent is one of the burning issues today, some of the practices are moreover threatened by globalization. As a PM it becomes indeed difficult to strike a proper balance in introducing major policies and challenges in a progressive manner without hurting the sentiments of people at large (Singh, 2017). Another crisis while looking after international projects could be planning an effective budgeting which could be affected by the economy of the other countries thereby resulting in financial depletion and unnecessary expenses. While assisting international projects is unforeseen expenses and lack of collaboration on the part of the countries to come to a negotiation (Lynch, 2017). As far as my opinion is concerned, assisting projects internationally requires a very able project management team who would be able to predict possible time loss, financial instability, and lack of co-ordination in time schedules while completing the work (Beck, 2018). People who are connected with the project, positioning lower in the hierarchy of power often faces communicational hindrances due to lack of education and communication skills. As a PM responding to all these circumstances is a matter of time and money. Hiring experienced management team can eradicate the problems. Reference List: Beck, U. (2018).What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Harvey, C. P., Allard, M. (2015).Understanding and managing diversity: Readings, cases, and exercises. Pearson. Lynch, F. R. (2017).The diversity machine: The drive to change the white male workplace. Routledge. Singh, N. K. (2017). Mahesh Dattani's Final Solutions: Deconstruction of Communalism.International Journal on Multicultural Literature,7(2).

Thursday, November 28, 2019

The Issue Of Gun Control And Violence, Both In Canada And The Essays

The issue of gun control and violence, both in Canada and the United States, is one that simply will not go away. If history is to be any guide, no matter what the resolution to the gun control debate is, it is probable that the arguments pro and con will be much the same as they always have been. In 1977, legislation was passed by the Canadian Parliament regulating long guns for the first time, restructuring the availability of firearms, and increasing a variety of penalties . Canadian firearms law is primarily federal, and"therfore national in scope, while the bulk of the firearms regulation in the United States is at the state level; attempts to introduce stricter leglislation at the federal level are often defeated". The importance of this issue is that not all North Americans are necessarily supportive of strict gun control as being a feasible alternative to controlling urban violence. There are concerns with the opponents of gun control, that the professional criminal who wants a gun can obtain one, and leaves the average law-abiding citizen helpless in defending themselves against the perils of urban life. Is it our right to bear arms as North Americans? Or is it privilege? And what are the benefits of having strict gun control laws? Through the analysis of the writings and reports of academics and experts of gun control and urban violence, it will be possible to examine the issues and theories of the social impact of this issue. Part II: Review of the Literature A) Summary In a paper which looked at gun control and firearms violence in North America, Robert J. Mundt, of the University of North Carolina, points out that "Crime in America is popularly perceived [in Canada] as something to be expected in a society which has less respect for the rule of law than does Canadian society..." . In 1977, the Canadian government took the initiative to legislate stricter gun control. Among the provisions legislated by the Canadian government was a "Firearms Acquisition Certificate" for the purchase of any firearm, and strengthened the "registration requirements for handguns and other restricted weapons...". The purpose of the 1977 leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, trends in Canada over the past ten years in various types of violent crime, suicide, and accidental death show no dramatic results, "and few suggestions of perceptible effects of the 1977 Canadian gun control legislation". The only positive effect , Mundt, found in the study was the decrease in the use of firearms in robbery with comparion to trends in the United States . Informed law enforcement officers in Canada, as in the United States, view the "impact of restricting the availability of firearms is more likely to impact on those violent incidents that would not have happened had a weapon been at hand"(152). In an article by Gary A. Mauser of the Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, he places special emphasis on the attitudes towards firearms displayed by both Canadians and Americans. According to Mauser, large majorities of the general public in both countries "support gun control legislation while simultaneously believing that they have the right to own firearms" (Mauser 1990:573). Despite the similarities, there are apparent differences between the general publics in the two countries. As Mauser states that "Canadians are more deferent to authority and do not support the use of handguns in self defence to the same extent as Americans". As Mauser points out that "it has been argued that cultural differences account for why Canada has stricter gun control legislation than the United States"(575). Surprisingly enough, nationwide surveys in both Canada and the United States "show remarkable similarity in the public attitude towards firearms and gun control"(586). Both Canada and the United States were originally English colonies, and both have historically had similar patterns of immigration. Moreover, Canadians are exposed to American television (both entertainment and news programming) and, Canadians and Americans read many of the same books and magazines. As a result of this, the Canadian public has adopted "much of the American culture". In an article by Catherine F. Sproule and Deborah J. Kennett of Trent University, they looked at the use of firearms in Canadian homicides between the years of 1972-1982. There findings firmly support the conclusion that gun control is beneficial. According to Sproule and Kennett, gun control "may be influencing some suspects to kill by other methods, but it is less likely for these suspects to kill multiple victims". From

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Mr See Essays

Mr See Essays Mr See Essay Mr See Essay 1) What is grammatically incorrect with the following sentence? What time are you two going to go out? Choose one answer. | |a) The infinitive â€Å"to go† should be split by an adverb. | | | |b) It ends with a preposition. | | | |C. )The phrasal verb â€Å"go out† is casual English and as such, it should only be used in speech, never in writing. | | | |d) There is nothing grammatically wrong with this sentence. | | 2) In the following sentence â€Å"running† is what part of speech? Running every day is great exercise! Choose one answer. | |a) a gerund | | | |b) a particle | | | |C. )a verb in the present progressive tense | | | |d) a verb in the perfect tense | | 3) Which of the following parts of speech should never be used to start a sentence? Choose one answer. | |a) a pronoun without an antecedent | | | |b) a preposition | | | |C. )a subordinating conjunction such as â€Å"because† or â€Å"although† | | | |D. Any part of speech can be used to start a sentence so long as the sentence has a subject and predicate and is appropriately structured | | | | | | 4) Which of the following is not a conditional sentence? Choose one answer. | |A. )I wont go unless you do. | | | |B. )Id have helped you if Id been around. | | | |c) She will pass, but only if she studies hard. | | | |D. Theyll meet us there after lunch | | | | | | 5) Which of the following is not true about the phrase ‘I had better’? Choose one answer. | |A. )It refers to the past. | | | |B. )It is used for giving strong advice. | | | |C. )It can be made negative. | | | |D. )It can be contracted | |

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Avoiding System Development Pitfalls in the IT Decision Making Dissertation

Avoiding System Development Pitfalls in the IT Decision Making Processes - Dissertation Example Likewise, a brief observation of these categorized characteristics of various applications, many categories have been projected. Sprague and Watson proposed the performance dimension of the systems can be categorized or can be divided in to four levels i.e. basic data processing systems, integrated data processing systems, management information systems and decision support systems (Hogue, 1985). However, the research and technology for the DSS continue to revolutionize and by 1996, Whinton and Holsapple proposed five particular types of DSS. These specialized DSS types were text-oriented DSS, database-oriented DSS, spread-sheet-oriented DSS, solver-oriented DSS, and rule-oriented DSS (Power,). Moreover, these last four DSS types were again divided into seven categories proposed by Arnott and Pervan (Burstein & Holsapple,). The seven categories are (Burstein & Holsapple,) personal DSS, group support systems, negotiation support systems, intelligent DSS, knowledge management-based DSS , executive information systems/business intelligence, and data warehousing. However, these sub categories overlaps with some of them but they introduced a diverse advancement of past research. Afterwards, these four levels were categorized as transaction processing systems (TPS), Management Information Systems (MIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS). Information Technology has revolutionized. Business organization dependent on information systems, cater information for decision making. The revolutionized information technology completely modified the business structure and the information required for decision making process. A term called strategic management focuses on building a powerful competitive advantage. It also involves the development of corporate strategy along with the management of the organization according to that strategy (Strategic management.2007). The BRAC university has launched a world class Integrated library system (ILS) (BRAC university launches integrated library system koha dhaka, bangladesh — koha - open source ILS - integrated library system). It is â€Å"an interrelated group of computer programs that automates multiple library operations† (Ebenezer, 2002). The ILS will redefine customer services by advance information technology services that will enhance the process of delivering both electronic information and printed documents. Keeping in mind the long term perspective, the strategic goals for the ILS are constructed as: The infrastructure of the library will be enhanced and well maintained Maximizing the access to the customers for the printed information resources (not digital). Maximizing access to the customer of digital information resources. Establishing strategic affiliation with other libraries locally and globally including schools, colleges and universities. Build learning environments in all accessible locations connected with the library. The strategic goals are to define the library’s strate gic plan and as well as Information technology strategic plan. The current infrastructure has inadequate capacity, size and functionality which are not fulfilling user requirements. Current system has issues related to performance and functionality which is affecting the users. The system cannot be maintained as it needs to be re-designed. The decision for the replacement of the system was made because of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Mali Economic Development Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mali Economic Development - Research Proposal Example In 2005, Mali returned to a robust and good growth rate of 5.5 % after being characterized by a poor 2.2 % in its previous year. Cotton production in Mali involves around 3.3 million people and close to 200000 families farms hence accounting for about 10 percent of the Malian GDP. When compared to 2004, cotton production in 2005 improved greatly due to well distributed and adequate rainfall. Since the Mali government acknowledges the importance and significance of the cotton sector, it has organized it in an integrated format managed by the Compagnie Malienne pour le DÃ ©veloppement du Textile. CMDT is tasked with regualtiong and managing the whole chain of cotton production. Additionally, it is mandated with the development of rural areas via the provision of the necessary infrastructure such as a road network some areas like Segou, Kayes and Koulikoro. In general, Mali’s agricultural sector is characterized by low productivity due to lack of a specialized labor force. In light of this, it is clear that human capital has a significant impact on a country’s economic development. Human capital is often made up of education and health of the people. A human welfare index which incorporates education shows that Mali has a very low rate of school enrollment rates when compared to the rest of sub Saharan Africa. As such, Mali’s economic development over the years lags behind in comparison to most sub Saharan states. Thus, Mali’s failure to possess enough human capital is a challenge and hinders its economic development.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Case Study See Attachment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

See Attachment - Case Study Example estos residue in pores and cracks, whether TEG was required to follow the contract specifications rather than its work plan, and whether TEG was entitled to compensation for removing what it alleged were excessive quantities of asbestos. The concept of breach of contract was the vital issue associated with these issues. Court’s Rationale or Reasoning for its Decision: The court adheres to the presumption that any ‘debris and residues’ contains asbestos. The court also made the case clear by going back to the basic law concerning contract, and its interpretation. Key Facts: There was presence of contract between the two parties involved in the case. There was a Board’s decision made. For this matter at hand, the cross-motions for summary judgment on the contractor’s appeal from the Board’s decision were thereafter filed in the United States Court of Claims. Legal Issue(s) Presented before Court: There were three essential issues raised in this case, which include the power outage claim, the claim for delays in obtaining access to the apartments, and the contractor’s right to recover damages. Holding of the Court: The Board’s decision involving the power outage of August 18, 1978 was affirmed. Access claim however, was reversed and both motions for summary judgment were denied, allowing the case to be remanded to the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Factors in Biochemical Toxicology

Factors in Biochemical Toxicology Tambudzai Phiri Ndashe Maha Farid In the lecture we discussed several responses of the lung to acute injuries. List these responses and discuss one of these responses providing an example of a toxin or a chemical that induces such response in the lung. (5 points) The lung is particularly vulnerable to toxicity because it gets exposed to foreign compounds both in the external environment and internally through the bloodstream. Acute responses of the lung to injury occur in order to protect the lung from further damage. These responses include the following: Irritation following exposure to volatile gases such as ammonia and chlorine may cause bronchitis and changes in permeability. Exposure to gases or irritants may also lead to damage of the epithelial lining of the entire respiratory tract. Irritation of nerve endings in the respiratory epithelium may occur following exposure to gases or irritants to protect from further exposure. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as Glutathione S-transferase in the lung tissue also play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary toxic response. Oxidative burden following exposure to gases such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide or tobacco smoke. Airway reactivity and bronchoconstriction may occur on exposure to nitric oxides, cholinergic drugs, histamine and tobacco smoke. Pulmonary edema may occur as result of high concentrations of acrolein, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia or phosgene. Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lung, which collects in the alveoli; it leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure (Medical News Today, 2014). Exposure to ammonia, a volatile and water soluble gas, has been associated with pulmonary edema. The ammonia gets absorbed into the aqueous secretions of the upper airways of the respiratory system, it reacts with the water in aqueous secretions to from ammonium hydroxide, an alkaline and corrosive solution. Though ammonia may not cause permanent damage it leads to impaired permeability and the accumulation of fluid which obstructs the upper airway and collects in the air sacs. This may lead to low blood oxygen content and altered mental status (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The dissolving of the ammonia into aqueous solutions on mucous membranes may also result in corrosive injury to the mucus membranes. High concentrations of acrolein, a common component of smoke, can also cause p ulmonary edema following smoke inhalation. Paraquat, is a widely used herbicide that specifically exerts its toxic effect on the lung tissue. Discuss the mechanism of toxicity of paraquat explaining the specificity of lung toxicity induced by this compound. (5 points) Paraquat has been implicated in number of both accidental and intentional cases of poisoning. It causes dose-dependent toxic effects following oral ingestion; and, absorption of a toxic dose usually results in abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition to the lung, other target organs include mainly the kidneys, but may also cause cardiac and liver toxicity if one if exposed to large doses. Mechanism of paraquat toxicity on the lung Paraquat is selectively taken up into type I and II alveolar epithelial cells by active transport, as a result it reaches a higher concentration than in most other tissue. It causes severe lung injury and fibrosis. The mechanism of toxicity involves the initial reaction of paraquat with an electron donor such as NADPH; paraquat accepts the electron to form a stable radical cation (Figure 1); if this occurs under aerobic conditions, this electron is transferred too oxygen giving rise to superoxide; this process gets repeated over and over in the lungs due to the ready supply of oxygen, resulting in the formation of a redox cycle. The formation of the redox cycle is believed to be responsible for the toxicity by causing the following effects: the formation of large amounts of superoxide may overwhelm the neutralizing effects of superoxide dismutase, allowing the superoxide to accumulate, causing a variety of toxic effects such as the peroxidation of lipids leading to the formation of l ipid radicals that may cause membrane damage (Figure 2); and, the depletion of NADPH due to the formation of active oxygen species may compromise the alveolar cells, reducing their ability to carry out their functions. Figure 1: paraquat reduction-oxidation. Figure 2: the proposed mechanism of paraquat toxicity. Figure 1: adapted from http://www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v086pr05.gif Figure 2: adapted from http://totalpict.com/imagesb/1818/1818064104502cc34b8ffb7.gif References Timbrell, J.A. (2009). Principles of Biochemical Toxicology, 4th Edition. CRC Press. Pages 204- 205; and, 337-339. Medical News Today (2014, September 15). What is pulmonary edema? What causes pulmonary edema?  Retrieved from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167533.php The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Medical Management Guidelines for Ammonia. Retrieved from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=7tid=2 Maha Farid Discuss the patterns of neurotoxicity and provide one example of a toxin producing each pattern. Examples from the assigned textbooks are recommended. (6 points) The nervous system is a highly complex network of specialized cells and damage to this system may have permanent and serious effects because there is very low capacity to regenerate and little reserve functional capacity. The following are the patterns of neurotoxicity: Neuronopathy: this is the result of the destruction of the peripheral nervous system, or simply put, death of the entire neuron. The drug contaminant 1-mehtyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes specific damage to the substantia nigra area of the brain (Timbrell, 2009). It is highly lipophilic and readily enters the brain where it is readily metabolized to a toxic metabolite that is taken up by dopamine neurons. Methyl mercury also causes Neuronopathy. Axonopathy: this is the degeneration of the axon. Carbon disulfide exposure is a good example of a neurotoxin. Exposure to this solvent usually occurs in industry and causes neuronal damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The mechanism is believed to involve the chelation of metal ions essential for enzyme activity by the oxothiazolidine and dithiocarbamate metabolites of carbon disulfide, which result from reaction with glycine and glutathione (GSH) (Timbrell, 2009). Myelinopathy: this is a general term used to describe damage to or disorder of the myelin of peripheral nerve fibers, the myelin sheath or the white matter of the brain, in contrast to that affecting the axons (Axonopathy). A number of substances cause Myelinopathy in both the Schwann cells and the Oligodendrocytes. Lead is a good example of a neurotoxin that causes Myelinopathy, especially in children. Transmission toxicity: this is the disruption of neurotransmission. Organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, which is used in the treatment of head lice in humans, and parathion, are good examples of neurotoxins that cause transmission toxicity. Exposure is usually accidental, suicidal or associated with homicide; and occurs via the gastrointestinal tract, the skin and the lungs. They are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and acute toxicity manifests via the overstimulation of the muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic signs and symptoms result from the accumulation of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings in skeletal muscles and automated ganglia. This results in fatigue, involuntary twitching and even muscle weakness which may affect muscles of respiration. Death may occur from respiratory distress partly due to neuromuscular paralysis, central depression and even bronchoconstriction (Timbrell, 2009). Discuss the vulnerability of the nervous system to toxicity. (4 points) There are multiple characteristics of the nervous system that make it vulnerable to toxicity; in fact the nervous system is highly susceptible to changes in its environment. The characteristics of the nervous system that make it vulnerable to toxicity include the following: Neurons can have very long axons, making them more vulnerable to toxicity. The nervous system is also highly dependent on glucose, which is the sole source of energy to the central nervous system. This high dependence on glucose is demonstrated through fatal irreparable damage to the nervous system, even in brief obstruction of blood flow to the central nervous system. Energy shortage to the nervous system can lead to glutamate leakage which can cause severe brain injury. The long axons and large cell volume in the nervous system require high metabolic activity due to the electrical transmission of action potential and chemical transmission in the nervous system. Proper axonal transport is very essential for normal brain function. There are multiple fast and slow, anterograde and retrograde transport systems that exist in the nervous system, which complicate the process and add to the sensitivity of this area. Reference Timbrell, J.A. (2009). Principles of Biochemical Toxicology, 4th Edition. CRC Press. Pages 206; and, 339-346.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Jim Crow Laws in the United States Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine living in a world where you are harassed because of your skin color. Imagine knowing that is all you can look forward to. That is all your children and grandchildren can look forward to. Discrimination has been around for a long time, even before prehistory. Someone always thinks that they are better than others because of their skin color, sex, race, etc. Social classes and slavery are just two examples of discrimination. Even though our Constitution is based on freedom, our own Constitution allowed for discrimination of African Americans for around 100 years. It allowed White people to harass Black people. If we base our country on giving freedom to everybody, shouldn?t it include everyone? Discrimination against Blacks was called Jim Crow laws. The laws made sure Blacks and Whites had limited contact, and different lifestyles. They made sure Blacks stayed in different section of trains, restrooms, restaurants, buses, and much more. Jim Crow laws said that everything had t o be ?Separate but equal?. However, most places weren?t equal for blacks. Take a look into the past, and learn when the Jim Crow laws started, its life, and how it was challenged by courageous people. Jim Crow Laws started in the South after the civil war. The laws started around 1865. The term Jim Crow came to be because of a famous minstrel show in 1828 written by Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice about a Black farmer named Jim Crow, ?Klarman 5?. Jim Crow Laws are often confused with Black Codes. Jim Crow laws are different from Black Codes because the Black Codes started before Jim Crow Laws, and ended during the civil war. The Jim Crow Laws became extremely popular in the South and in the West, however, the North wasn?t that big into the Jim Crow Laws... ...y, this law only affected schools ?Brown versus Board of Education 1&2?. Jim Crows laws had a major impact on United States history. The Jim Crow Laws were preceded by the Black Codes. Because of the Jim Crow laws, Blacks were taught that they were inferior to Whites, and it was accepted fact that they were inferior. There were many cases to trying to stop the Jim Crow laws, and some of them were successful. Sadly, there were many cases in which the right thing weren?t done. However, during the 1960?s the Civil Rights movement came around, and a new wave of change was in the air. With John F. Kennedy as president, Martin Luther King Jr. as a prominent Civil Right Leader, a new chapter began in American history. The segregation was over, at least in the eyes of the law. Sadly, it took some more time for segregation to be really over in the heart and mind of people.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

P.I.E.S

This is where a life is forming growing bigger and bigger every day. At 4 weeks, the baby's spinal cord, the formation of arms and legs are beginning to develop. At this stage, the little life form is now an embryo. By 8 weeks, all major organs and external limbs would be developing, continuing to grow in size, also the eyes. The baby's heart begins to beat with a regular rhythm and the determined sex organs begin to develop. This Is when the fetus begins to look more like a human but only reaching roughly an Inch long In size. Also, the umbilical cord has become more visible.By 12 weeks, the baby's nerves and muscles begin to work with catheter which can be shown but the baby making a fist. Also at 12 weeks, you are able to fled out whether your baby Is a girl or a boy as the external sex organs become visible. The baby's eyes will have eyelids that have recently developed which will then cover the eyes to protect them from other fluids until later on in the pregnancy when they will be able to control the movement of their eyes. By muscles, tissue and skin starts to form, giving an even more defined human shape.Although the skin is now being developed, at this stage, the skin is quite transparent. Intellectual and Emotional – The intellectual part of pregnancy is very important to the Mother's mental preparation for birth. This would be anything from buying your baby's first clothes and necessities to decorating the nursery. Things like this keep the mother's mind from worrying about things such as whether her baby will have any Issues, or If she would have any Issues Glenn birth. The mother will also need a lot of love and support during pregnancy because her hormonal changes will make her very emotional.Pregnancy can mentally affect the mother especially if she is one to worry, mainly because of the changes that are going on with her body. For the baby, the intellectual stage is when the brain is fully developed and it is said that by his stage, the b aby is actually able to dream. Birth and Infancy: P. I. E. S Physical – Between birth and the age of 3, babies begin to develop different strengths and skills. This is from learning basic strengths like rolling, then crawling then standing to walking then running, to learning to talk and sing.Muscle development in a baby starts from the head down. This is why they go from lifting their head the running. The first control a baby will learn will be control of their neck. Intellectual – Straight from birth, babies are already beginning to communicate and Interact with other people especially adults. This can be from crying to clenching their fists around a finger. Also, as the baby Is Intellectually developing, they are being able to express their needs and emotions using gestures.As the baby develops into infancy, they are how to use their emotions properly like crying if they are hurt or not getting what they want, and laughing and smiling when they are happy or find so mething funny. Emotional – At birth, the only emotion that a baby has is the ability to cry. They don't understand emotions yet until they further develop. When a baby is born, they need a lot of love and care. This is extremely important, because it ensures that the baby feels safe and secure. This is vital for the baby to grow up feeling comfortable and safe in their home and in their family.By about the age of 1-3 they learn how to smile and laugh which lets them express their emotions when they are happy. They learn different emotions and express them in ways that they understand such as pulling tantrums or laughing at something funny. By the age of 3, an infant should pretty much know all emotions and when they know which emotions are relevant to different situations. Social – From 0-3, the only social development will be speech and sutures with close individuals especially the parents and other family members.This actually builds their self esteem and confidence which is very important because it creates good social skills for their future social interaction with others. Getting to the age of 2-3, the infant becomes more aware of other people like strangers on a bus; they will wave or say hello to other individuals, sometimes even animals. This improves their social skills because by the age of 3, the infant may even have friends. Usually this will be from cousins; to maybe other infants they regularly see such as neighbors or other infants at playgroups. Childhood: P. I. E.S Physical – At this stage, children will enjoy the fact that they can walk and run, and they will learn how to dance, climb, ride bikes (with stabilizers to Just two wheels), how to swing, and possibly swim. This is very exciting for them because they are able to discover different activities and are able to have fun and express individual activities that they may enjoy as a regular hobby; such as football, swimming, riding, racing etc†¦ At this stage, it is important that children are supervised with everything they do because it teaches them how to be safe with what they do for themselves ND others around them.From birth to the age of 3, a child grows quite fast, at the childhood stage, the child's growth slows down but they can have growth spurts height wise. Intellectual – This stage is the most important stage for the development of the brain and mind. Especially educationally. At this stage, children will become a lot more interested in pretty much everything. They will be prone to asking loads of questions about anything from what they have seen or how they feel. They are most likely to be a lot more interested in their environment, their society and different cultures.They express this by the interest in costumes and they like to do performances. Also at this stage, they will be going through primary solicitation and secondary solicitation so they will be learning many different things every day. They will also pay more attention to where they live. Emotional – In the childhood stage, children are learning to deal with other individuals feelings as well as theirs. They also learn new skills and how to behave well such as learning manners. They learn how to deal with their own emotions especially when they are interacting with others especially other children.Children will start forming bonds with other children who can even become life long friends; they learn how to respect others, and they also learn how to connect with other children similar to them. Social – During childhood, developing long term social relationships whereas others are better at keeping close friends only for a short time. The most important part of solicitation in this stage is that children learn the importance of good relationships and friends. Adolescence: Physical – This is one of the most changing life stages. At this stage, teenagers will become Men and Woman.Their body will be going through many cha nges; this is called puberty. Boys; for boys, puberty consists of the breaking of their voice (their voice becomes deeper) due to the ‘dropping of their testicles. They begin to grow a lot faster in height, and baby fat begins to disappear or turn into muscle. They begin to grow facial hair and hair in intimate areas and the armpits. This is all due to the production of testosterone. Girls; for girls, puberty consists of the formation of the breasts, menstrual periods; preparing them for motherhood, they begin to grow bodily hair and hair on intimate areas.This is all due to the production of estrogen. Intellectual – At this stage, teenagers are able to imagine different experiences that they may not have seen or done before. Also, they begin to imagine their future and would have a better idea of what they want to achieve in their future. They become more alike adults in terms of dealing with problems. Also in this stage, teenagers will be looking at their first Job ev en if it is Just a small part time Job, it prepares them for future bigger work opportunities and also gives them experience and responsibility.Emotional – At this stage teenagers are experiencing hormonal changes; meaning hat their emotions can be off balance causing mood swings and aggression in some cases. This could be difficult for family and friends, and can have an affect on the opposite sex such as pressure on relationships and friendships. At this stage feeling masculine is very important towards a guys self esteem and confidence. You wont often see them cry, and they may tend to show off inferno of their fellow friends. This makes them feel more superior and dominant. For a woman, they like to feel wanted and sexy.They will wear clothing that shows more skin and will show off their curves. Like men, this is important to the development of self esteem and self- confidence. Teenagers will have created long term relationships as friends and some maybe a long term girlf riend or boyfriend; their emotions will be much stronger and will become more attached to others around the same age. They become a lot more emotionally attached to people and stronger bonds are formed. During adolescence, teenagers will be most likely to experience love for the first time; some more than once, some actually find their soul mate.Social – Teenagers become a lot more independent so they begin to not rely on their family as much and tend to rely a lot ore on their friends or their peer group for support and advice. This can put pressure on their family and friends. Teenagers desire the need to belong to a group. They will express this through what they wear and their interests/hobbies. A main part of this stage is experiencing their sexuality. This is when they start experiencing sexual contact, and different relationships.At this stage, some teenagers can become confused with their sexuality and may want to experience relationships and sexual experiences with t he same sex. Adulthood: P. I. E. S During this stage, adults may progress to the need of glasses for reading and/or rating, due to changes in sight. They may also experience difficulties in their hearing leading to the need of hearing aids. Another change would be change in hair color (grey) and sometimes even loss of hair; mostly occurring in men. This is the stage where growth stops and your body processes begin to slow down and become more relaxed.By the age of 45-55, women are most likely to experience menopause which is when their periods stop and they lose the ability to have children. Intellectual – At this stage, adults are more likely to be in a stable Job. The older adults will have earned a lot from previous experiences which will give them skills and benefit them in future opportunities. The older adults are also a lot more wiser, and will know what is best to do in situations and will know what is best for younger individuals. Emotional – During this life stage, adults go through many emotions mainly to do with relationships and their career.They will feel a lot more stress due to work and also to do with pressure of having a partner or not having one. Also, this is the life stage when families are beginning to be created; couples are deciding to have children, some even have their first grandchildren. Also during this life strange, relationships with family members improve and adults feel closer to their parents than ever before; either because they realize that family are the ones who are actually always there for them and/or because they have a family of their own and understands how it must have felt.Social – The younger adults gain more sexual experience, some of them; it will be their partner who they feel they will have a future with. As years have past, it has become more regular that adults are having children younger and younger. With the older adults, partnership and marriage comes more into light which becomes very important to adults self. It becomes a key aspect of their social life; it is important to have a stable social life at this age because it builds your self esteem and confidence which are key skills for employment.Employment; it is key to be in paid employment at this stage, because at this stage, adults have a lot more responsibility for themselves and need to be reliant on themselves rather than their parents. This is key for building their own future and is important for their social life. Older 65+: P. I. E. S Physical – At this stage, older adults become a lot more weaker and less able or national. Everything they do (what they can do) takes a lot longer to do than what it would an adult. This can be from difficulty breathing, their bodies become weaker such as their bones, muscles, organs etc†¦ Hey become a lot less mobile. At this stage, older adults are more prone to illnesses and can develop conditions such as arthritis. Also, visually, you change, you produce rankles, skin spots and other visual signs of aging. Intellectual – At this stage, mental ability decreases; older adults forget things, are not able to solve problems or cope with them as well and will have many difficulties. On the other hand, older adults who are more healthy and enjoy their exercise are more able to keep their mental abilities and their knowledge can carry on developing.At this stage, they will be at most wise and this can still increase. At this age, older adults will have had their whole life as experience and will have many memories which adds to their knowledge about anything. An example would be someone who may have experienced an historic event such as a war. Future older adult will be useful. Emotional – The main thing emotionally at this stage is mentally staying strong through the sense of old age and any problems that may or eave occurred. At this age, older adults are likely to lose their confidence and self esteem because of the way th ey are treated.Individuals of this age who have a family especially if it is a large family, they are more likely to keep their self esteem and confidence because they will receive comfort, support, stability and encouragement; strong bonds with grandchildren are common and give the older adults a sense of being young again, also older adults like to see themselves as role models for their grandchildren. Social – Older adults lives vary. At this stage, older adults are more likely to to be retired.This is a good way to socialize and make friends especially if they are in retirement homes or go to activities or centers based for their age. Having a family is important because a family provides emotional and practical support through anything that happens such as health problems or if they Just need support for something such as work or decisions. Health problems can have a strong effect on an older adults social life and they could end up feeling isolated from society; which i s why family and friends are important at this stage. An older adults norms and beliefs will also become more important to them.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What Its Used For

Find out What Polypropylene Is and What It's Used For Polypropylene is a type of thermoplastic polymer resin. It is a part of both the average household and is in commercial and industrial applications. The chemical designation is C3H6. One of the benefits of using this type of plastic is that it can be useful in numerous applications including as a structural plastic or as a fiber-type plastic. History The history of polypropylene began in 1954 when a German chemist named Karl Rehn and an Italian chemist named Giulio Natta first polymerized it. This led to a large commercial production of the product that began just three years later. Natta synthesized the first syndiotactic polypropylene. Everyday Uses The uses of polypropylene are numerous because of how versatile this product is. According to some reports, the global market for this plastic is 45.1 million tons, which equates to a consumer market use of about $65 billion. It is used in products such as the following: Plastic parts - from toys to automobile productsCarpeting - in all forms of carpeting, area rugs and in upholsteryReusable products - especially in containers and similar productsPaper - used in various applications for stationery and other writing bindingsTechnology - commonly found in loudspeakers and similar types of equipmentLaboratory equipment - in virtually every aspect where plastics are foundThermoplastic fiber reinforced composites There are a few reasons that manufacturers turn to this type of plastic over others. Consider its applications and benefits: Benefits of Polypropylene The use of polypropylene in everyday applications occurs because of how versatile this plastic is. For example, it has a high melting point compared to similarly weighted plastics. As a result, this product works very well for use in food containers where temperatures can reach high levels - such as microwaves and in dishwashers. With a melting point of 320 degrees F, it is easy to see why this application makes sense. It is easy to customize, too. One of the benefits it offers to manufacturers is the ability to add dye to it. It can be colored in various ways without degrading the quality of the plastic. This is also one of the reasons it is commonly used to make up the fibers in carpeting. It also adds strength and durability to the carpeting. This type of carpeting can be found effective for use not only indoors but also outdoors, where damage from the sun and elements doesnt affect it as readily as other types of plastics. Other benefits include the following: It does not absorb water like other plastics.It does not mold or otherwise deteriorates in the presence of bacteria, mold or other elements.Newer versions contain an elastic element to them. This gives them a rubber-like composition and opens the door for new uses.It is unlikely to shatter and will take significant damage prior to breaking, though it is not as sturdy as other plastics such as polyethylene.It is lightweight and very flexible. Chemical Properties and Uses Understanding polypropylene is important because it is significantly different from other types of products. Its properties allow it to be effective in the use of material popular in everyday use, including any situation in which a non-staining and non-toxic solution is necessary. It is also inexpensive. It is an excellent alternative to others because it does not contain BPA. BPA is not a safe option for food packaging since this chemical has been shown to leach into the food products. It has been linked to various health issues, especially in children. It has a low level of electrical conductivity as well. This allows it to be highly effective in electronic products. Because of these advantages, polypropylene is likely to be in most American homes. This versatile plastic is one of the most commonly used in these situations.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Karl Marx and Alienation †Government (300 Level Course)

Karl Marx and Alienation – Government (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Karl Marx and Alienation Government (300 Level Course) For Karl Marx, the idea of alienation is not as important as it is fundamental for everything that he has to say. Marx understands alienation as the claim that a product of one’s labor is objectified and that the value in the product is in the form of labor used to produce it and not the value that the product gains. It is in this work environment that the term â€Å"alienated labor† is derived. Marx has a problem with capitalism in that it focuses on the value of the produced object and not the human qualities involved in producing the object. Thus the Marxian philosophy is that man is alienated from labor in three ways. First man is alienated from the actual objects of his labor. He is then alienated from any activities that he assumes as a worker. And lastly, capitalism alienates workers from their species being, or role in a universal essence. It is in these three ways that man is alienated from his labor and these help to define alienation for Karl Marx. More simply put, for Marx, the worker in a capitalist society is denying himself rather than affirming himself. Marx has seen where capitalism had gone and noticed the shift in production geared only toward profit. This went against everything that he believed in, as the worker was then nothing more than a dog working for a system that was in no way rewarding him, not economically and never spiritually. The workers are not affirming themselves by what they do, for their work only becomes mind numbing and tedious. Marx believed that the worker became poorer as he produced more wealth. He became an even cheaper commodity with the more commodities he created. As the world around him appreciated in value, his world, the â€Å"world of men† devalued itself in a direct proportion. Marx states that the more industrialized the society becomes, the less the laborer is appreciated. Affirmation of the laborer is of utmost importance to Marx and he came up with his ideas of Communi sm as a direct result of the capitalist society not appreciating its workers. Next we see that the worker soon estranges himself from his activities both as a worker in the system and worse yet as a citizen. In the capitalist system, the object is continually glorified rather than the worker. Marx says that because of this the laborer is often estranged and this results in his alienation. This alienation becomes pervasive and enters all aspects of the workers life, as the worker becomes robotic in his everyday actions and goes through the life without any form of satisfaction. Marx says that the more time the laborer spends at work, the more powerful the alien objective world becomes. A world in which he the worker created over himself. Thus the poorer he and his inner self become. Marx also believes that the capitalist system controls the worker in every aspect of their lives, thus creating a working machine and not a person. People do not grow through their work they merely grow to resent it. This is one of the evils that a communistic society was created to guard its citizens against. Perhaps considered the most important by Marx would be the laboring man estranging himself from his own species being. By this man becomes a being that lives only to make money and reproduce. Therefore man would never work to achieve the universal essence that had been granted to them, and for Marx, their lives would not have been lived to fulfillment. Marx believes that in this particular case, even better wages for workers only make the personal slaving that these workers participate in more profitable but never actually solve the problem. The society becomes one that is lived in to please the system and not for personal development. In this case, capitalism is responsible for creating a society in which the focus of life is in the wrong area. That is saying all of the motivations for people are in the wrong spot; when they should be aiming towards personal development and satisfaction, they only concerning with pleasing the system. Marx’s Communism came about largely because of this reason. These problems are the cornerstones of Marx’s alienation. It is this alienation that creates problems for Marx and it is this alienation that his writings and life works constantly attacked. He felt that in order to overcome this alienation, and to achieve human emancipation, the laborer had to return the satisfaction to himself and his production, thus negating money and private property and returning himself and his fellow workers to a state of universal essence. In order to do so, man had to fight the alienation from his labor, he had to fight the alienation from his activities both as a laborer and as an everyday citizen, and fight as an alienated citizen of the universe and the species being. It is in these three ways that man is alienated from his labor and in these ways that Karl Marx draws his political conclusions and theses. It is this culmination and combination that tells what alienation is to Marx and what functions that he feels it performs. Research Papers on Karl Marx and Alienation - Government (300 Level Course)Twilight of the UAWQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Monday, November 4, 2019

Week 3 dq's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 3 dq's - Essay Example Even though the number of shares increase, the total value of these shares remains the same thus resulting in no direct benefit. The benefit of stock splits is said to only lie in the future. A lower share value can bring the market share price to â€Å"an acceptable trading range† (Stickney, 2004, p. 545). The resulting higher trading volumes, more investors and continuing good performance of the company can potentially result in a higher stock price. Dividend Policy: The dividend policy varies from company to company. A company can give dividends in form of cash or more stock for each share owned, have a stock repurchase offer, a combination of both, or to retain earnings and not announce any distribution of profits. Each has its merits and demerits. Cash dividends incur higher tax rates and usually appeal to investors who are low-end taxpayers. Stock dividends, in which additional company shares are offered at a proportion of existing shares dilute the shares and bring no immediate benefit to the shareholder. They only allow the investor to merely have a potential of future higher net value. Purely from the shareholder’s perspective, stock repurchase can offer higher value to a large percentage of investors as the stock price increases after repurchase and if the investor sells, the money they gain by selling stocks falls in the lower capital gains tax bracket (Bierman, 2001, p. 112). Finally, companies that retain their earnings offer value by gaining shareholder confidence in its growth and thus a higher stock price. Sources of Venture Capital: Venture capital is offered by investors looking for unusually higher returns. They are willing to work with higher risks and invest in companies with perceived profits or growth. The money can come directly from these investors, specialized venture capital firms, investment banks or other financial or brokerage institutions with similar investment policies. VC’s Due Diligence: Venture capitalists,

Friday, November 1, 2019

American politics and parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American politics and parties - Essay Example etermine whether they will further have to narrow down the number of candidates to the expected number or they can keep the selected members till the period close to the time of the primaries. The members select these nominees in relation to popularity among state’s members. Direct Primary Nomination for State and Congress offices takes place before the general election. One nominee is selected from among the selected nominees during the preprimary nominations. The selected nominee becomes the candidate to go for the States or Congress office. In the general elections, these elected congress and state officers, Electoral College, elect the President. The political party with the most seats in States and Congressional offices is able to pass their presidential candidate during the general elections although today it might not be always the case. Delegates are divided among the states by the national parties by apportioning them in relation to the number of voters in each state. The higher the number of votes a state has, the more the number of delegates they select from that state. The most populated cities such as New York is apportioned more delegates than other smaller cities. In my opinion, this is the case because there are more people being represented in one city than the other. Therefore to ensure even representation, the delegates are selected in relation to percentage other than state. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party in the U.S. select their presidential candidates by the process of primary elections. Nomination process starts when voters choose delegates from their states to attend a national party convention to elect their party’s presidential candidate. This is followed by the selected delegates, attending a party’s national convention whereby they select their preferred presidential candidate. The delegates select for a presidential candidate as per the preference or their states. Therefore, the more popular, aspiring

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Response and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Response and Analysis - Essay Example As a result, of intimidation, women suffer in silences. Therefore, it is prudent for Jane to roll up an activism campaign against gender discrimination. Consequently, she will free suffering women from the hand of discriminative husbands. If she pursues the course of activism, men will not impose laws that make it mandatory for women to put on veils. Mary Jane’s father is a significant character in the novel. As witnessed from the story, the father played an important role in informing her about Iranian history. From the father’s narration, Mary Jane understands the extent to which the Muslim laws are misused. On the other hand, the role played by her mother is equally significant. The fathers’ information highlights that not all men support unfair laws. Equally important to mention, the farther inspires Mary Jane to strive for an equitable society. This courage is evident in Mary Jane’s habit of slapping disrespect men. The father’s refusal to leave Iran confirms his desire to ensure that all individuals enjoy equal treatment. This brave act is a show of patriotism and his commitment towards accomplishing change in a fundamentalist religious

Monday, October 28, 2019

War Photographer and Stealingby Carol Anne Duffy Essay Example for Free

War Photographer and Stealingby Carol Anne Duffy Essay In Both the War Photographer and Stealing By Carol Anne Duffy the occupations of the narrator play a leading role even the titles are names of the occupations they both partake in. This is interesting because it seems that their jobs are their life and feeling even so they both share an extent of guiltiness related to their occupations, In War photographer he is guilty that he is at home in comfortable quiet rural England and all the people he photographs are still suffering. But in Stealing the guilt is underlying, less obvious and more of a guilt to himself like he owes himself a life without stealing or boredom. This shows a degree of selfishness which is evident when he takes pleasure in knowing the the children will cry in the morning he then goes on to say lifes tough like he had to harden to the world at a young age and so should they, he shows a bitterness towards the children as they have a childhood and he didnt and this bitterness seems to be aimed at all outsiders in both the poems . The Thief and the writer are issolated form society and therefore resent society as they see it and most of the suffering in the poems is blamed on the people The readers eyeballs prick with tears between the bath and pre lunch beers. Because the people see the suffering and carry on with their on lives the narrator thinks the readers dont care so their portrayed as heartless and cold. Carol Anne Duffy seems to have a flair for writing poems from other peoples point of view this is most evident in Stealing were she tries to understand the narrators motive and attempts to make the reader sympathise and justify what he does when normally he would be portrayed as the bad guy . The thief wallows in self pity throughout and even says he is better of dead and is so lonely even a snowman is good enough to be his friend I wanted him, a mate The snowman is a metaphor for what he has had in his life he steals it then dustructs it like he is destructing himself. The stealing is a ploy for attention he wants to be caught or noticed as he would have a reason to have contact with people eventhough he insults the people or outsiders in the poem sometimes I steal things,I dont need. I joy ride cars to nowhere, break into houses just to have a look. It is hard to establish what the message is in the war photographer at times he is praising the war photographers job And condeming the people he works for at other time he shows compassion to the victims he encounters but in the last line The narrator seems numb to what he witnesses as he works From the aeroplane he stares impassively at where he earns his living and they do not care This line defeats what he has said before when he developed the films the feelings the images conjured up made him remember the suffering he encountered but that was soon forgotten on the way to his next job he is turning in to what he condemns. The use of the word they signifies his view of society, the people that read newspapers he puts them all in the same cattergory and labels them accordingly. The war photographer is set in four regular stanzas which emphasises the pattern of the war photographers day. The poem opens with the Photographer coming home from his job and ends with him flying out to another job this implies his life runs in a cycle. It is also written in present tense which make the events more realistic and shocking to the reader. Stealing is also in equal stanzas this time five . And ocaisionly the end of one line falls into another (enjambment) which help the reader to enact the incidents which occur. A sense of mystery surrounds the narrator in stealing you dont know if he is male or female or his age and background although many assume the narrator is a man due to stereotypical criminal gender.In War Photographer we are told the narrator is male this is the only information surrounding the narrator intrestingly there is no desriptions of the physical attributes of the narrators or outsiders which poems usually include to help the reader relate to the charactors within the poems. In the War photographer photographical launguage is used as metaphors to shocking images the war photographer encountered ; spools of suffering set out in ordered rows conjures images of body bags holding victims of war laying side by side. The only light is red the colour red is used to remind the reader of the blood shed during war. These metophores seem to be effective by shocking the reader I think Carol Anne Duffy has intended the reader to start to think of the effects of the war not only on the victims but on the people who work their such as the War photographer, newsreaders or charity workers who arent necessarilly thought of being affected by war. In stealing the thiefs motive seems to be lonliness and this is explored subtbly but although theres only traces of lonliness it seems to be the main theme in both the poems. Although they resent outsiders it is only because they wish they could be like the outsiders as their not doing a job which issolates them from society this jelousy also seems to be one of the themes which explain how and why the outsiders are portrayed. I cant decide if I like these poems or not I dont really feel anything for the characters Carol Anne Duffy hasnt made them likeable by not describing them and showing the bad traits of their personality which makes the poems seem gritty. There is many hidden messages which seem obvious but effective but the fact that I had to read them both five times before they made sense put me off right away.But maybe thats because im The cat in the hat rhyming poem kind of a girl !

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Engaging Modernity 101 :: Essays Papers

Engaging Modernity 101 Let’s start at the very beginning, which is a very good place to start, which for Eliot is his end and for Ashbery is his fading, for Jameson the end began when he wouldn’t stop pontificating on being, for Harvey the beginning and the end circulate around his architectural trends and socio-economic theories that keep him grounded but far from living. Joke—Three men (yes, no women) walk into a bar. The first man calls himself DJ T.S.; he spins at local, Wednesday night religious gatherings. You might know some of his rhythmic trance beats, one’s called â€Å"The Four Qs,† real modern, yah know? He gets real philosophical, â€Å"If all time is eternally present, yo! All time is unredeemable, yo! yo! daddy!† or how about the line, â€Å"human kind Cannot bear very much reality, so let’s MOVE IT ON!† He’s really known for that last one. DJ T.S. sits at the counter, checking out the lÄ dies, asks for a whiskey. A second man walks into the bar, named Singular J. He wears all black, and his t-shirt reads, â€Å"Ontologize This!† Nobody knows who he is; he just sits by himself for a while, writes in a little journal, and orders a â€Å"highly commercialized and overpriced† Guinness. The bartender, named Benjamin, says that Singular J. has an aura about him that seems contrived. The inevitable third man gallivants into the bar, orders a Cosmopolitan, doesn’t give his name, says he’s a doctor who tries to cure that pestering Condition of Postmodernity. After a few Cosmos, this doctor pulls out his Power Point presentation and tries to illustrate the modern and the postmodern with graphs and charts. DJ T.S. is thoroughly bored and wants to groove on some of his own brilliant tunes. He begins to rap over the doctor’s clinical jargon, â€Å"WhÄ ­sper of runňing streams, and winter light-ning. The wild thyme ta-time unseen and the wild straw-ber-ry, The laughter in the garden, echohohoed ecstasy Not lost, but Requiring, poinTing to the Agony of death and birth.† The ladies swoon; he pirouettes out the door. Now, Singular J. is left with the doc. Since the DJ is gone, they can really get down to business. Time is money. Let’s talk fast, the publishers are waiting. Singular J. complains about the doc’s Power Point. He unplugs the computer and tells him that â€Å"we very much [need] to continue the project of an ontology of the present, while abandoning the sterile attempts to reinvent a discourse of modernity.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

All Quiet on the Western Front :: essays papers

All Quiet on the Western Front Mental abuse is sometimes overlooked, because of the rough physical abuse, but soldiers see a good side of both during wars. Maria Remarque shows the mental part of abuse on the book All Quiet on the Western Front. The narrator discusses all the hard times that went on during World War I, all through the book. Paul Baumer, the narrator, explains it when he and his friends enter the German army, very deeply although he is only eighteen. Baumer tells a story about fighting for their own sanity as well as their country. As the war begun, he and his friends got an real look at what the war was truly about. This book shows the conflict coming during the actual war, the boys use their spirits to try to overcome it. But the mind against reality that is described in the books, gives them a reality check on how life really is. During the beginning of the book, Remarque explains the boy's job, relating it to how hard it is to be in the war. Their was always something, not getting much sle ep, relieving the front line, and they also didn't have much to eat. What was going to happen, is described good by the way that the author talked about the life of the soldiers, but the boys failed to realize reality. Thinking that the war was just an ideal character. Convincing the reader to believe the boys didn't know the risk they were taking by being in this war. They way the boys viewed it, shows that, true their are some hard times in wars, but their minds are young and they thought it was just another thing to talk about. When they should have been taking things more serious, but thinking about the good parts helped them to keep a hold on their sanity. "They ought to have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity, the world of work, of duty, of culture, of progress to the future", was the beliefs of the boys after their friend Behn dies. Their generation thought that the authorities were going to look after, and take care of them, the authorities were thought of real highly by them. Until their friend passed away, then everything changed. "We had to realize that our generation was more to be trusted than theirs", this is where they came to reality that, everybody was taking c are of their selves, and didn't want anything to do with other peoples problems.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

How America’s Foreign Policy Shaped Essay

Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals, and to ensure America’s security and defense. Originally American foreign policy was based isolationism; however, as the United States began to become more powerful, its foreign policy evolved. Through the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation that spanned the continent, and it avoided foreign entanglements. Once industrialized and more prosperous, it began looking for foreign markets and colonies. Dollar diplomacy was one strategy used to increase American Influence abroad. In addition to the need to exert more influence in foreign affairs for political reasons, Americans had a belief that their own cultural, moral, and racial superiority justified an increased global involvement. This can also be referred to as the Whiteman’s burden. The late nineteenth century to the 1920s can generally be described as a change of the United States from a very regional power, to a dominant world power. This shift began with the Spanish-American war. This war gave the United States, for the first time, an overseas empire. This war was also a fulfillment of the U.S aim of the Monroe Doctrine, which was that the U.S should secure the western hemisphere of colonial European rivalry which could infringe on U.S economic and political interests. This is one of the reasons why the U.S went to war against Spain, to kick the Spanish out of nearby Cuba. Along with the threats to America from Central America, and Cuba, trouble was brewing over seas in Europe during the early 20th century. When WWI began, the U.S proclaimed a policy of strict neutrality. However, due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note, Wilson went to congress calling for a declaration of war on Germany. After being victorious in war, Wilson hoped to revolutionize the conduct of international affairs. He came up with the Fourteen Points, which attempted to restore territories occupied during car, eliminate imperialism, trade restrictions, secret treaties, and to set up global organization to prevent future wars. In addition to the Fourteen Points, the Dawes Plan was also enacted. This plan made the U.S banks lend money to Germany so that Germany could meet its reparation payments to countries such as France and United Kingdom. These countries in return, used these payments to service their war debts to the United States. I believe the most significant foreign policy development, is the transition from isolationist nation to an imperial power, as well as the rapid change from a conservative to progressive government, helped to shape America to be what it is today. At the dawn of the 20th century, the United States was in the midst of industrialization. But because the U.S was a different continent from Europe, it desired not to get involved in any of the entanglements of the European nations. However, due to the need for foreign markets to feed the industrial growth, foreign outreach was becoming a necessary evil, and the U.S needed to develop a less isolationist foreign policy.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Essay Sample on Solar Power Research Based on the Experiment

Essay Sample on Solar Power Research Based on the Experiment Introduction Sun The heat of the sun is about equivalent to burning a billion trillion tons of coal an hour. Even though only a small fraction of that heat ever reaches the earth it is still more then enough to power the whole world. People seemed to realize the importance of the sun around 30,000 BC. This was when people first started planting crops of wheat. They realized plants did better when planted in the sun over the shade. This caused them to worship the sun as a God. Many cultures built large and extravagant temples to worship the sun in. Other cultures built places to observe the sun in, such as Stonehenge in England. Different Types of Solar Panels There are three main types of solar panels. They are flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, and solar cells. The first kind is a flat plate collector. Flat plate collectors are fastened on the top of the roof of a house. They usually either heat the house or its water. A flat plate collector consists of a black rectangular frame, two or three sheets of glass, and copper plumbing. A flat plat collector uses the greenhouse affect. The sunrays go through the glass but can’t get out through the glass. The sunrays heat the water-filled copper tubes. Then the water is used to heat the home or water. Another type of a solar panel is a focusing collector. They consist of a mirror or mirrors which are focused in one spot. Some focusing collectors are solar furnaces, parabolic dishes and troughs and power towers. The first type is a solar furnace. A solar furnace consists of many mirrors that are aimed at a large curved mirror that is aimed at a large steel building. This building can get as hot as 5,790 F. Scientists use solar furnaces to run experiments to see how certain materials react to extreme heats. They are also used industrially to melt metals. The next kind of focusing collector is a parabolic trough and dish. A parabolic dish looks just like a satellite dish except the dish part is to reflect the sunrays onto the vocal point which is filled with oil. The heated oil is used to produce steam to turn a turbine. A parabolic trough uses the same principles as a parabolic dish. The only differences are how they look, the mirror is shaped like a large feeding trough and the vocal point is an oil filled tube. These are used for either commercial such as in a power plant. The last focusing collector is a power tower. A power tower has many mirrors all focused on a large tower. This tower gets extremely hot. The tower is filled with oil. When the oil is heated it is piped to a power plant where it is used to produce steam that turns a turbine. These are used for power plants. The final type of solar panel is a solar cell. A solar cell usually consists of two layers of silicon that produce an electric charge which is picked up by wires that are laid across the silicon. Solar cells can be used for anything from powering an isolated phone booth to a whole city or even an airplane. History Solar Energy started around 30,000 BC when people first desalinized water, or took the salt out of salt water. In 1,000 BC a king had the water in his castle heated by the sun. Romans passively heated their homes in about 100 AD. In a passive solar home there is no machinery, but there are windows and the floors and windows are made of materials that absorbs heat, like adobe. Solar heating was not used until the late sixteenth century when European scientists started experimenting with the power of the sun. In 1714 many people worked together to create the world’s first solar furnace. In 1720 a Swiss scientist, Horace Benedict de Sasure, built the first modern solar water heater. In 1774 Antoine Lavoiser made a printing press powered by the sun. Later in 1880 in Chile a solar desalinization system was made. Also in 1880 the first solar cells were made. Solar cells when originally made they were very expensive and were not available on the market. Now you can buy solar cells cheaply. Current Applications Today we use solar power to do many things. We use solar power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can power large cities. Most common solar power is used for small things. Many calculators are run by solar cells so they will never run out of batteries. Some watches run on solar cells, too. Also you can buy radios that run on solar cells. There are also many big things that run on solar power. Almost all satellites run on solar power, because otherwise they would run out of power. There are also large desalinization plants that use solar power in places where there is little or no fresh water. There are solar furnaces in many countries. Solar power is also used commercially and residentially. It is also used for many forms of transportation, but these are all in the experimental stage now. Solar powered cars may soon come out. Indirect Solar Power There are three forms of indirect solar power. They are wind power, waterpower, and ocean thermal energy. You might think these have nothing to do with each other or solar power but they do, in some way they each use the sun. The first type is wind power. The reason this is a form of solar energy is because the sun heats the air that creates air currents, or wind. The wind turns propellers that turn turbines which creates electricity. Wind power has been used for a very long time. Places in Europe like the Netherlands have had windmills since the Middle Ages. Though these windmills were used to pump water or to grind grain. The next form is waterpower. This is considered solar power because of the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is water evaporating from bodies of water then coming back to earth in different places. This allows them to go back through dams to produce electricity. The water turns turbines, which then create electricity. Waterpower is also an old process it used to be used at sawmills and to grind down grain. The last kind of indirect solar power is ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy is a power plant that uses the difference between the surface temperature and the temperature of the bottom of the ocean to produce electricity. When the cool water meets the hot water it produces steam that turns a turbine to produce electricity. The electricity is then sent to land through wires. This is solar power because the sun heats it. The Solar Future Today the use of solar power is very limited. Today we use very little active solar heating. Though in the future many more homes will be solar heated. More homes will have passive solar heating. Scientists want to make a satellite that will orbit over one place. This satellite would have giant wings made of solar power, this satellite would beam electricity down to earth. This would allow the solar cells not to be obstructed by clouds or buildings. Also ground solar power plants are predicted to be used more frequently. Another thing predicted to be popular is solar powered cars. The drawback of these cars is the fact that you can only travel at high speeds for a short time and they don’t work on cloudy days. Solar powered cars are only used for racing and experiments now. I think if there is another oil crisis there will be much more use of solar power. Solar power will be given more federal funding which will increase studies. The increased studies will make solar power cheaper and more efficient. This will make solar power more available on the market. CONCLUSION I think that solar power is a good alternative energy source. It has many advantages over fossil fuels. One is that the sun is free and does not have to be bought like other fuels. It also doesn’t hurt the environment and it is a renewable energy source. There are a few drawbacks to solar power. One is that it can be expensive to make and can be hard to use on cloudy days. Solar power is also difficult and expensive to store. Another bad thing is that silicon the material that solar cells are made of can be hard to find. If there is another energy crisis like the United States experienced in the 1970’s, solar power will be greatly increased. Federal funding will be increased to promote the studies of solar power. This will make solar power more efficient which will cause it to become cheaper. After the last energy crisis, most federal funding was decreased or stopped. This is very unfortunate because solar power would be far more advanced with more funding. EXPERIMENT Hypothesis: I think that some of the water will get into the inner bowl, this water will be fresh and the salt will still be in the outer bowl. I think that it will work better on sunny days than on cloudy days. Procedure: First I mixed two cups of water with two tablespoons of salt. I put the salt water into a large aluminum bowl. Then I put a small cereal bowl into the large bowl. I covered the large bowl with plastic wrap to keep the water from evaporating out of the bowl. After the bowl was covered I put a weight on the plastic wrap so the water would drip into the cereal bowl after it evaporated. I started this experiment at seven o’clock and then took observations at three and eight; I took all three observations for five days. Observations: On the first day at three there was some water on the plastic wrap after it had evaporated. At eight most of the water on the plastic wrap had dripped into the inner bowl. That day it was sunny. At seven the next there was a little more water in the small bowl. At three that day there was a little on the plastic wrap. At eight the little water on the plastic water had gone into the cereal bowl. It was cloudy that day. In the morning at seven there was no change from the night. At three that day there was a little water on the plastic wrap. At eight most of the water on the plastic wrap was in the cereal bowl. On the fourth day at seven the rest of the water was in the cereal bowl. At three the rest of there was a little on the plastic wrap. That night at eight the rest of the water on the plastic wrap was in the cereal bowl. It was partly cloudy that day. On the last day in the morning there was no change from the night before. At three there was a little more water on the plastic wrap. The water on the plastic wrap was in the small bowl. It was partly cloudy that day. Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct, but I thought more water would be purified then actual did get purified. The water in the cereal bowl had no salt in it. This experiment proves that solar power works and that it works better with no clouds than with clouds.